Antibiotics (affect transcription/translation)

Question 1

Aminoglycosides

Answer 1

gentamycin
amikacin
tobramycin

Question 2

Aminoglycosides

SE

Answer 2

nephrotoxic, usually reversible
ototoxic, usually permanent

therapeutic drug monitoring–peak/trough

Question 3

gentamycin

Answer 3

don’t give with neuromuscular blockades

CNS SE- confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, tingling

cochlear damage

Question 4

gentamycin indication

Answer 4

given intrathecal for meningitis

Question 5

amikacin indication

Answer 5

used for infections resistant to gentamycin and tobramycin

Question 6

tobramycin indication

Answer 6

inhalation for pulmonary infections (esp. CF pts)

Question 7

Lincosamides

Answer 7

clindamycin

Question 8

clindamycin

Answer 8

anaerobic infections
Black Box Warning: pseudomembranous colitis
monitor use with paralytics
Toxic-monitor levels

Question 9

Macrolides

Answer 9

erythromycin

azithromycin

Question 10

Macrolides

Answer 10

YUCK drugs

treats Legionnaires, Listeria, mycoplasma pna

Question 11

erythromycin

Answer 11

Don’t take on empty stomach

Does not cross BBB

has hypermotility effects

Lots of drug-drug interactions

Question 12

azithromycin (Z-pack)

Answer 12

Less GI upset than other macrolides

Long duration of action (long 1/2 life)

Try to take on empty stomach due to decreased absorption

Question 13

Oxazolidinones

drug and MOA

Answer 13

linezolid

inhibits pro synthesis through non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors

avoid foods high in tyramine

Use caution in patients with HTN and disease processes that can cause HTN

Question 14

linezolid

Answer 14

monitor platelet count–thrombocytopenia

SE: HA, N/V

Can cause serotonin syndrome with use of SSRIs

Question 15

streptogramins

Answer 15

quinupristin/dafopristin

Question 16

streptogramins

indication/SE

Answer 16

newest class for ‘superbugs’

life threatening infections cause by VRE and complicated skin/skin structure infections

AE: arthralgias, myalgias, painful/erythema/inflammation at IV site

monitor for c. diff/ pseudomembranous colitis

Question 17

Tetracyclines

Answer 17

tetracycline
doxycycline
minocyline

Question 18

Tetracyclines

indications/contraindications

Answer 18

broad spectrum, major resistance has developed

not used much except for following:
rocky mountain spotted fever
chlamydia and trichomonas
lyme disease
cholera
PID
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Acne

Contra: pregnant and nursing women, children younger than 8

Question 19

tetracycline

Answer 19

discoloration of teeth
concentrates in bone, liver, tumor, spleen and teeth
AE: N/V/D , HA. photosensitivity, dizziness
Rare: anaphylaxis and angioedema

Question 20

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 20

ciprofloxacin

levofloxacin

Question 21

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 21

very potent, broad spectrum abx

very good oral absorption

alter bacterial DNA

Question 22

ciprofloxacin

Answer 22

treat UTIs, some STIs, upper/lower resp. infections
anthrax

prolonged post antibiotic effect–concentrated in neutrophils

AVOID in pts <18, >60 due to arthropathy

Question 23

levofloxacin

Answer 23

Once daily dosing

100% bioavailability orally

SE: CNS disorders that predispose to seizures, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QT interval, photosensitivity

Question 24

tigecycline

Answer 24

Glycylcycline-newest form of tetracyclines

treats complicated skin infections, peritonitis and other complicated abdominal infections

N/V in 20-30% pts

Question 25

Cyclic Lipopeptides

drug and MOA

Answer 25

daptomycin

disrupts cell membrane potential through the Ca dependent process

Question 26

daptomycin

Answer 26

complicated skin infections

long post-antibiotic effect

Once daily dosing (IV)

Question 27

Sulfonamides

Answer 27

sulfamethoxale + trimethoprim

Question 28

sulfamethoxale + trimethoprim

indication/ AE

Answer 28

uncomplicated UTIs, resp. infections, salmonella, shigellosis

sulfa allergies, photosensitivity