Antibiotics (affect transcription/translation) Flashcards
Aminoglycosides
gentamycin
amikacin
tobramycin
Aminoglycosides
SE
nephrotoxic, usually reversible
ototoxic, usually permanent
therapeutic drug monitoring–peak/trough
gentamycin
don’t give with neuromuscular blockades
CNS SE- confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, tingling
cochlear damage
gentamycin indication
given intrathecal for meningitis
amikacin indication
used for infections resistant to gentamycin and tobramycin
tobramycin indication
inhalation for pulmonary infections (esp. CF pts)
Lincosamides
clindamycin
clindamycin
anaerobic infections
Black Box Warning: pseudomembranous colitis
monitor use with paralytics
Toxic-monitor levels
Macrolides
erythromycin
azithromycin
Macrolides
YUCK drugs
treats Legionnaires, Listeria, mycoplasma pna
erythromycin
Don’t take on empty stomach
Does not cross BBB
has hypermotility effects
Lots of drug-drug interactions
azithromycin (Z-pack)
Less GI upset than other macrolides
Long duration of action (long 1/2 life)
Try to take on empty stomach due to decreased absorption
Oxazolidinones
drug and MOA
linezolid
inhibits pro synthesis through non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors
avoid foods high in tyramine
Use caution in patients with HTN and disease processes that can cause HTN
linezolid
monitor platelet count–thrombocytopenia
SE: HA, N/V
Can cause serotonin syndrome with use of SSRIs
streptogramins
quinupristin/dafopristin
streptogramins
indication/SE
newest class for ‘superbugs’
life threatening infections cause by VRE and complicated skin/skin structure infections
AE: arthralgias, myalgias, painful/erythema/inflammation at IV site
monitor for c. diff/ pseudomembranous colitis
Tetracyclines
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocyline
Tetracyclines
indications/contraindications
broad spectrum, major resistance has developed
not used much except for following: rocky mountain spotted fever chlamydia and trichomonas lyme disease cholera PID Mycoplasma pneumonia Acne
Contra: pregnant and nursing women, children younger than 8
tetracycline
discoloration of teeth
concentrates in bone, liver, tumor, spleen and teeth
AE: N/V/D , HA. photosensitivity, dizziness
Rare: anaphylaxis and angioedema
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
very potent, broad spectrum abx
very good oral absorption
alter bacterial DNA
ciprofloxacin
treat UTIs, some STIs, upper/lower resp. infections
anthrax
prolonged post antibiotic effect–concentrated in neutrophils
AVOID in pts <18, >60 due to arthropathy
levofloxacin
Once daily dosing
100% bioavailability orally
SE: CNS disorders that predispose to seizures, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QT interval, photosensitivity
tigecycline
Glycylcycline-newest form of tetracyclines
treats complicated skin infections, peritonitis and other complicated abdominal infections
N/V in 20-30% pts
Cyclic Lipopeptides
drug and MOA
daptomycin
disrupts cell membrane potential through the Ca dependent process
daptomycin
complicated skin infections
long post-antibiotic effect
Once daily dosing (IV)
Sulfonamides
sulfamethoxale + trimethoprim
sulfamethoxale + trimethoprim
indication/ AE
uncomplicated UTIs, resp. infections, salmonella, shigellosis
sulfa allergies, photosensitivity
