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MID I > Antibiotics by Use > Flashcards

Antibiotics by Use Flashcards

1
Q

Syphillis, strep pyogenes, Lyme, N. meningiditis, actinomyces (dental and IUD infection with “sulfur granules)

A

penicillin (G and VK)

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2
Q

Similar to penicillins, plus GNRs. H. influenza, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci

A

Amino-penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin)

“HELPSS kill enterococci”

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3
Q

Similar to penicillins including S. aureus (sinusitis), plus GNRs, Hemophilus, Moraxellae, bacteroides
Listeria is treated with ampicillin,
Women giving birth who are colonized with GBS

A

Amino-penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam)

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4
Q

MSSA, Sensitive staph and strep; E. coli, klebsiella

A

Anti-staphococcal penicillins (Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)

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5
Q

Not discussed in video: pseudomonas?

A

Anti-pseudomonal (broad/extended spectrum) penicillins (with beta-lactamase inhibitors) (Ticarcillin-clavulanate, Piperacillin-tazobactam)

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6
Q

Used in patients with severe penicillin allergies, for GNRs only.

A

monobactams (aztreonam)

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7
Q

gram positive cocci, Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, pre-surgical for s. aureus prevention

A

1st generation cephalosporins (Cephalexin, cefazolin) “PEcK”

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8
Q

gram positive cocci, H. influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marscens

A

2nd generation cephalosporin: cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan “HEN PEcKS”

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9
Q

Enterobacteriaciae, intermediate resistant pneumonia, meningitis, neisseria gonorrhea (ceftriaxone)

A

3rd generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone, cefotaxime

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10
Q

Pseudomonas, meningitis

A

3rd generation cephalosporin: Ceftazidime

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11
Q

Staph, strep, pseudomonas, enterobacteriaciae, post-operative CNS infection

A

4th generation cephalosporin: cefepime

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12
Q

MRSA, resistant pneumococcal infections

A

5th generation cephalosporin: Ceftaroline

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13
Q

Bacteroides, pseudomonas

A

carbapenems (imipenam-clastatin, meropenam)

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14
Q

MRSA, resistant CNS, resistant S. pneumonia, enterococci, Listeria, bacillus, clostridium species, sever C. difficile colitis (when given orally or rectally, because it is not absorbed)

A

glycopeptide (vancomycin)

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15
Q

S. pneumonia, viridans group streptococci, GAS/GBS, S. aureus,
Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria, campylobacter, legionella, +/- haemophilus,
Mycoplasma/ureaplasma, chlamydia, treponema
Community-acquired pneumonia, Otitis media,Pertussis,Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis, MAC
Also used as alternative agents for strep infections, rheumatic fever prophylaxis, C. trachomatis urethritis, anthrax

A

macrolides (erythromycin)

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16
Q

See above, plus increased activity against H. influenza, E. coli, campylobacter, helicobacter pylori, mycobacterium avium intracellulare, toxoplasma

A

macrolides (azythromycin, clarithromycin)

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17
Q

Penicillin-resistant anaerobic infections, S. areus infections, susceptible strains of MSSA and MRSA

A

Clindamycin ( a lincosamide)

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18
Q

Second agent in the treatment of gram negative (pseudomonas, E. coli) or enterococcus infections; broad spectrum coverage for life-threatening infections; Enterococcal endocarditis, pseudomonas; sometimes inhalational therapy for CF patients

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)

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19
Q

“Things that are weird,” acne, skin and soft tissue infections due to MRSA, tick-borne illnesses
(achieves levels of 10-26% of serum in CSF)

A

doxycycline (a tetracycline)

20
Q

Don’t use!! Causes death!!

A

tigecycline (a tetracycline)

21
Q

Nothing, really – high levels of toxicity. Used to treat typhoid fever (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi), meningitis in specific situations, and some rickettsial infections

A

chloramphenicol. Don’t use! Gray babies!

22
Q

Drug-resistant enterococcal or staphylococcal infection, MRSA pneumonia

A

linezolid (an oxalidinine)

23
Q

Vancomycin- or methicillin-resistant Gram positive infections

A

streptogramins (quinupristin and dalforpristin)

24
Q

Very well tolerated! Tx of STDs: gonorrhea, chancroid, chlamydial urethritis
Empiric therapy of travelers diarrhea (cipro)
MDR-TB
Levofloxacin is the treatment of choice for legionella pneumonia

A

fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

25
UTIs, prostatitis, pneucystis carinii (jiroveci), diarrheal illnesses due to shigella, salmonella, and enterotoxigenic E. coli, upper and lower respiratory infections (caused by susceptible organisms); B. cepacia, nocardia
Sulfas (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
26
VRE, MRSA, penicillin-resistant pneumococci
daptomycin
27
Tx of anaerobic infections including those in the CNS (brain abscess), pseudomembranous colitis, bacteroides infections, C. diff
metronidazole
28
Multi-drug resistant enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, klebsiella
polymyxin
29
Do not use for anything except syphilis, strep B, Lyme, n. meningitidis, actinocyes
penicillin (G and VK)
30
Do not use for MRSA (resistant because of PBP2)
anti-staphococcal penicillins (Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)
31
Do not use for MRSA, or anything that expresses AmpC (a beta-lactamase)
anti-pseudomonal (broad/extended spectrum) penicillins (with beta-lactamase inhibitors) (Ticarcillin-clavulanate, Piperacillin-tazobactam)
32
Do not use this beta lactam for Gram positives, anaerobes
monobactams (aztreonam)
33
Do not use for pseudomonas
All cephalosporins, except Ceftazidime
34
Do not use for MRSA, E. Faecium, Listeria, stenatrophomonas, burkholderia **resistance can develop in pseudomonas, carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaciae
carbapenems (imipenam-clastatin, meropenam)
35
Do not use for Gram negatives, vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
vancomycin
36
Limited CNS penetration
macrolides, (erythromycin, asythromycin, clarithromycin), Clindamycin
37
Do not use for Anaerobes, Neisseria, S. pneumoniae
aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)
38
Rarely the initial drug of choice, don’t use in pregnant women because of hepatotoxicity
doxycycline (a tetracycline)
39
Rarely used, because it causes death!
tigecycline (a tetracycline)
40
Do not use for S. aureus or P. aeruginosa: resistance can occur during therapy with a single mutation!
fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
41
Do not use for Enterococci
sulfas (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
42
Do not use for Pneumonia (not adequate concentration in the lungs because it gets inactivated by surfactant)
daptomycin
43
do not use in pregnant women
metronidazole
44
do not use for gram positives
polymixins
45
GNRs
Gram negative rods: Enterobacteriaceae–eg, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella

MID I (8 decks)

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