Antibiotics by Use Flashcards
Syphillis, strep pyogenes, Lyme, N. meningiditis, actinomyces (dental and IUD infection with “sulfur granules)
penicillin (G and VK)
Similar to penicillins, plus GNRs. H. influenza, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci
Amino-penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin)
“HELPSS kill enterococci”
Similar to penicillins including S. aureus (sinusitis), plus GNRs, Hemophilus, Moraxellae, bacteroides
Listeria is treated with ampicillin,
Women giving birth who are colonized with GBS
Amino-penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam)
MSSA, Sensitive staph and strep; E. coli, klebsiella
Anti-staphococcal penicillins (Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)
Not discussed in video: pseudomonas?
Anti-pseudomonal (broad/extended spectrum) penicillins (with beta-lactamase inhibitors) (Ticarcillin-clavulanate, Piperacillin-tazobactam)
Used in patients with severe penicillin allergies, for GNRs only.
monobactams (aztreonam)
gram positive cocci, Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, pre-surgical for s. aureus prevention
1st generation cephalosporins (Cephalexin, cefazolin) “PEcK”
gram positive cocci, H. influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marscens
2nd generation cephalosporin: cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan “HEN PEcKS”
Enterobacteriaciae, intermediate resistant pneumonia, meningitis, neisseria gonorrhea (ceftriaxone)
3rd generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
Pseudomonas, meningitis
3rd generation cephalosporin: Ceftazidime
Staph, strep, pseudomonas, enterobacteriaciae, post-operative CNS infection
4th generation cephalosporin: cefepime
MRSA, resistant pneumococcal infections
5th generation cephalosporin: Ceftaroline
Bacteroides, pseudomonas
carbapenems (imipenam-clastatin, meropenam)
MRSA, resistant CNS, resistant S. pneumonia, enterococci, Listeria, bacillus, clostridium species, sever C. difficile colitis (when given orally or rectally, because it is not absorbed)
glycopeptide (vancomycin)
S. pneumonia, viridans group streptococci, GAS/GBS, S. aureus,
Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria, campylobacter, legionella, +/- haemophilus,
Mycoplasma/ureaplasma, chlamydia, treponema
Community-acquired pneumonia, Otitis media,Pertussis,Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis, MAC
Also used as alternative agents for strep infections, rheumatic fever prophylaxis, C. trachomatis urethritis, anthrax
macrolides (erythromycin)
See above, plus increased activity against H. influenza, E. coli, campylobacter, helicobacter pylori, mycobacterium avium intracellulare, toxoplasma
macrolides (azythromycin, clarithromycin)
Penicillin-resistant anaerobic infections, S. areus infections, susceptible strains of MSSA and MRSA
Clindamycin ( a lincosamide)
Second agent in the treatment of gram negative (pseudomonas, E. coli) or enterococcus infections; broad spectrum coverage for life-threatening infections; Enterococcal endocarditis, pseudomonas; sometimes inhalational therapy for CF patients
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)
“Things that are weird,” acne, skin and soft tissue infections due to MRSA, tick-borne illnesses
(achieves levels of 10-26% of serum in CSF)
doxycycline (a tetracycline)
Don’t use!! Causes death!!
tigecycline (a tetracycline)
Nothing, really – high levels of toxicity. Used to treat typhoid fever (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi), meningitis in specific situations, and some rickettsial infections
chloramphenicol. Don’t use! Gray babies!
Drug-resistant enterococcal or staphylococcal infection, MRSA pneumonia
linezolid (an oxalidinine)
Vancomycin- or methicillin-resistant Gram positive infections
streptogramins (quinupristin and dalforpristin)
Very well tolerated! Tx of STDs: gonorrhea, chancroid, chlamydial urethritis
Empiric therapy of travelers diarrhea (cipro)
MDR-TB
Levofloxacin is the treatment of choice for legionella pneumonia
fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
UTIs, prostatitis, pneucystis carinii (jiroveci), diarrheal illnesses due to shigella, salmonella, and enterotoxigenic E. coli, upper and lower respiratory infections (caused by susceptible organisms); B. cepacia, nocardia
Sulfas (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
VRE, MRSA, penicillin-resistant pneumococci
daptomycin
Tx of anaerobic infections including those in the CNS (brain abscess), pseudomembranous colitis, bacteroides infections, C. diff
metronidazole
Multi-drug resistant enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, klebsiella
polymyxin
Do not use for anything except syphilis, strep B, Lyme, n. meningitidis, actinocyes
penicillin (G and VK)
Do not use for MRSA (resistant because of PBP2)
anti-staphococcal penicillins (Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)
Do not use for MRSA, or anything that expresses AmpC (a beta-lactamase)
anti-pseudomonal (broad/extended spectrum) penicillins (with beta-lactamase inhibitors) (Ticarcillin-clavulanate, Piperacillin-tazobactam)
Do not use this beta lactam for Gram positives, anaerobes
monobactams (aztreonam)
Do not use for pseudomonas
All cephalosporins, except Ceftazidime
Do not use for MRSA, E. Faecium, Listeria, stenatrophomonas, burkholderia **resistance can develop in pseudomonas, carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaciae
carbapenems (imipenam-clastatin, meropenam)
Do not use for Gram negatives, vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
vancomycin
Limited CNS penetration
macrolides, (erythromycin, asythromycin, clarithromycin), Clindamycin
Do not use for Anaerobes, Neisseria, S. pneumoniae
aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)
Rarely the initial drug of choice, don’t use in pregnant women because of hepatotoxicity
doxycycline (a tetracycline)
Rarely used, because it causes death!
tigecycline (a tetracycline)
Do not use for S. aureus or P. aeruginosa: resistance can occur during therapy with a single mutation!
fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
Do not use for Enterococci
sulfas (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
Do not use for Pneumonia (not adequate concentration in the lungs because it gets inactivated by surfactant)
daptomycin
do not use in pregnant women
metronidazole
do not use for gram positives
polymixins
GNRs
Gram negative rods: Enterobacteriaceae–eg, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella
