Anti-Fungals and Fungi Flashcards
From lipids, sweat (adolescents): hypopigmented patch, dandruff. selsun blue!
Pityriasis versicolor (malassezia furfur)
From skin (keratinases), contagious! Ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch, scalp lesions, toenail fungus (wrestlers, lotrimin, lamisil)
Dermatophytosis (trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton)
From soil in mexico, south america, gardeners and thorns: lymphatic spread, ulcerating nodules
sporotrichosis (sporothrix schenckii)
From pigeons: CNS, meningitis. (capsule leads to antibodies, ring-enhancing)
cryptococcus
From mucosal flora: can colonize skin. Thrush, yeast infection, intertriginous rash, disseminated
candida
from ubiquitous! Presents as ABPA, aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis
aspergillis
from decaying acidic organic matter: DM, diarrhea, uremia. Presents as necrosis of nasal turbinates, facial pain, cough, hemoptysis
mucormycosis
from spelunking, birds and bats, ohio and mississippi river valley. Presents with pulmonary granulomas, reactivation, systemic sx inc GI
histoplasma
from American southwest, valley fever, productive cough, nodules, caseating necrosis, dissemination, reactivation
coccidioides
from Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. Pulmonary, skin pigmented, ulcerating nodules, urogential ulcers. Beavers, log cabins, camping
blastomyces
“spaghetti and meatballs,” fluorescent under woods lamp
tinea versicolor (malassezia furfur)
clinical Dx, KOH, wood’s lamp
Dermatophytosis (trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton)
clinical Dx, culture, biospy reveals scant cigar shaped yeasts
sporotrichosis (sporothrix schenckii)
india ink CSF. Large round yeasts highly visible
cryptococcus
visualize hyphae, positive cultures are not telling
candida
histopathology, ground glass “halo sign”, skin tests for IgE rxn
aspergillis
histopath, but too slow. Suspicion and surgery
mucormycosis
diagnose with culture, titers, history of cave dwelling
histoplasma
culture, stains reveal pomegranate spherules, seroligies
coccidioides
diagnose with smear, culture, beavers
blastomyces
hyphae: branches at right angles
mucormycosis
sterol of the fungi membrane
ergosterol
polyene. Amphoteric and amphophilic. Binds ergosterol, causes cell leak and death. IV only
AmB
Sx: fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxic lessened with Na, anemia
AmB
