Antibiotics by Coverage

Question 1

gram positive cocci (strep, staph, entero), some negative cocci, some anaerobes, some gram positive rods

Answer 1

penicillin (G and VK)

Question 2

gram positive cocci, gram negative rods (charged amino gets through porins)

Answer 2

Amino-penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin)

Question 3

gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, beta-lactasase producers, some anaerobes

Answer 3

Amino-penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam)

Question 4

Staphylococci

Answer 4

Anti-staphococcal penicillins (Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)

Question 5

gram positive cocci, gram negative rods (even w/betalactamases) anaerobes, pseudomonas

Answer 5

Anti-pseudomonal (broad/extended spectrum) penicillins (with beta-lactamase inhibitors) (Ticarcillin-clavulanate, Piperacillin-tazobactam)

Question 6

ONLY gram negatives (with pretty good stability against beta-lactamases)

Answer 6

monobactams (aztreonam)

Question 7

gram positives (strep and staph), some grapm negatives (e.coli, klebsiella, proteus)

Answer 7

1st generation cephalosporins (Cephalexin, cefazolin)

Question 8

Increased gram negative activity (from 1st generation)Slightly decreased gram positive activity (but still works against strep pneumoniae)

Answer 8

all 2nd generation cephalosporins (Cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan)

Question 9

Better gram negative coverage than 2nd generation

Gram positives

Answer 9

3rd generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone, cefotaxime

Question 10

Better gram negative coverage than 2nd generation
Gram positive coverage not as good
Pseudomonas

Answer 10

3rd generation cephalosporin: Ceftazidime

Question 11

Both gram positives and negatives (not very susceptible to AmpC, can get through GN outer membrane)

Answer 11

4th generation cephalosporin: cefepime

Question 12

MRSA, resistant pneumococcal infections

Answer 12

5th generation cephalosporin: Ceftaroline

Question 13

gram positives, gram negatives (including EBSL, AmpC), anaerobes

Answer 13

carbapenems (imipenam-clastatin, meropenam)

Question 14

gram positives (resistant)

Answer 14

glycopeptide (vancomycin)

Question 15

Gram positives
Gram negatives
Miscellaneous

Answer 15

macrolides (erythromycin)

Question 16

Gram positives
Gram negatives
Miscellaneous, plus more enhanced gram negative activity

Answer 16

macrolides (azythromycin)

Question 17

Gram positives
Gram negatives
Miscellaneous, plus more enhanced gram positive activity

Answer 17

macrolides (Clarithromycin)

Question 18

Gram positive bacteria and anaerobes, toxoplasma

Answer 18

Clindamycin ( a lincosamide)

Question 19

Aerobic gram negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa, some streptococci, staphylococci, enterococcus

Some aminoglycosides have activity against mycobacteria and Yersinia pestis

Answer 19

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)

Question 20

Gram positives: S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes, enterococci
Gram negatives: E. coli, Neisseria, Haemophilis, Shigella
Misc: Spirochets – Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Pasteurella, Ehrlichia (anaplasma)

Answer 20

doxycycline (a tetracycline)

Question 21

Resistant gram positives and negatives

Answer 21

tigecycline (a tetracycline)

Question 22

Broad-spectrum, mostly bacteriostatic, covers gram positives and most gram negatives, most anaerobes, and Rickettsia

Answer 22

chloramphenicol. Don’t use! Gray babies!

Question 23

Gram positive cocci (including VRE, MRSA)

Answer 23

linezolid (an oxalidinine)

Question 24

Gram positive cocci (staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, but only E. faecium, not E. faecalis)

Answer 24

streptogramins (quinupristin and dalforpristin)

Question 25

Gram negatives: enterobacteriaceae, neisseria, campylobacter, pseudomonas
Gram positives: pneumococcus, MSSA
Mycoplasma, legionella, hemophilus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacillus anthracis
Limited anaerobic and enterococcal activity

Answer 25

fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

Question 26

Gram negatives: E. coli, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, shigella, vibrio, Burkholderia cepacia, H. influenza, Neisseria spp
Gram positive: staphylococci, streptococcus, listeria
Misc: pneumocystis, nocardio, chlamydia

Answer 26

Sulfas (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

Question 27

Antibiotic-resistant gram positives

Answer 27

daptomycin

Question 28

Broad range of anaerobes (clostridia, bacteroides), facultative anaerobes (heliobacter), and anaerobic parasites (giardia, trichomonas, entamoeba)

Answer 28

metronidazole

Question 29

Multi-drug resistant gram negatives

Answer 29

polymyxin