Antibiotics Flashcards
Why do microorganisms make antibiotics
Microorganisms make antibiotics as defence mechanisms
How are antibiotics are classified
Antibiotics are classified by their actions
Antibiotics are classified into
Bactericidal antibiotics destroy bacteria
Bacteriostatic antibiotics prevent multiplication of bacteria, then host’s immune system can then destroy pathogen
How is HIV treated
HIV is treated by reducing production of more viruses (antiretroviral drugs) and the main types are reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which prevent viral RNA from making DNA for integration in hosts genome.
Integrase inhibitors, which prevents viral DNA being inserted into host DNA
What is an antibiotic
Antibiotic is a substance produced by 1 type of microorganism that kills or stops growth of another.
Drugs that kill or prevent growth of bacteria
How can bactericidal antibiotics work and how do they work
Bactericidal antibiotics can work by :
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis (if weak wall forms, can lead to lysis (bursting of cell))
Disruption of cell membrane (causing changes in permeability that lead to cell lysis)
Examples of bactericidal
Examples of bactericidal are:
Penicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Vancomycin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Bacteriostatic examples
Bacteriostatic antibiotics examples
Erythromycin inhibits protein synthesis
Neomycin
How do bacteriostatic antibiotics work
Bacteriostatic antibiotics can work by
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, replication, transcription. Prevents cell division/synthesis of enzymes
Inhibition of protein synthesis (enzymes and other essential proteins aren’t produced)
Inhibition of specific bacterial enzyme
What is a bacteriophage
Bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacterial cells.
What is adv of monoclonal antibodies
Adv of monoclonal antibodies are
Specific antigen can be identified, specific antibody binds to specific antigen
Specific treatment can be given and is more likely to be effective
