ANTIBIOTICS Flashcards
Antibiotics/ Penecillins
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)
Antibiotics/ Penecillins INDICATION
Common for broad coverage of Gram- and Gram+
Antibiotics/ Penecillins ROA
PO, IV
Antibiotics/ Penecillins MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis
Antibiotics/ Penecillins AE
GI, hypersensitivity/allergies
Antibiotics/ Cephalosporins
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cephtriaxone (Rocephin)
Antibiotics/ Cephalosporins INDICATION
Cephalexin: surgical prophylaxis, SSTIs
Cephtriaxone: surgical prophylaxis, community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, gonorrhea, severe Lyme disease
Antibiotics/ Cephalosporins MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis
Antibiotics/ Cephalosporins AE
GI, hypersensitivity
Antibiotics/ Cephalosporins PK/PD
Caution for severe and immediate PCN allergy due to cross-reactivity
Antibiotics/ Cephalosporins OTHER
Cephalexin: 1st generation
Cephtriaxone: 3rd generation
Antibiotics/ Glycopeptides
Vancomysin
Vancomysin INDICATION
MRSA, C. diff, increasing resistance (VRE)
Vancomysin ROA
IV, PO for C. diff
Vancomysin MOA
inhibit cell wall synthesis
Vancomysin AE
Hypotension, red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity
Antibiotics/ Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Gentamicin INDICATION
Gram- bacilli, staph, myobacteria
Gentamicin ROA
IV, PO, inhaled, topical, ophthalmic, intraventricular (CSF shunt)
Gentamicin MOA
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Gentamicin AE
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Antibiotics/ macrolides
Azithromycin (Z-pack)
Azithromycin (Z-pack) INDICATION
Some Gram+ and Gram-, pneumonia, respiratory infections, CAP
Azithromycin (Z-pack) ROA
PO, IV, ophthalmic
Azithromycin (Z-pack) MOA
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Azithromycin (Z-pack) AE
Common: N/V/D QT prolongation, CYP450 inhibitors (DDI)
Antibiotics/ Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Doxycycline INDICATION
Broad coverage of Gram+ and Gram- and atypicals PNA, SSTIs, Lyme, bite wounds, STIs
Doxycycline ROA
PO, IV
Doxycycline MOA
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Doxycycline AE
Typically tolerated well, yellowing of teeth GI, photosensitivity
Doxycycline OTHER
Contraindicated in pregnant & breast-feeding women and children under 8
Antibiotics/ Lincosamide
Clindamycin
Clindamycin INDICATION
Gram+, SSTIs, anaerobic intra-abdominal infections, acne
Clindamycin ROA
topical for acne
Clindamycin AE
GI (D), can cause C. diff
Antibiotics/ Fluoroquinolines
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Fluoroquinolines INDICATION
Gram-, pneumonia, chronic bronhitis, CAP, STIs, anthrax, plague, prostatitis, bite wounds, TB, diabetic foot ulcers, SSTIs
Fluoroquinolines ROA
PO, IV, ophthalmic, otic
Fluoroquinolines MOA
inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis or break down DNA strands
Fluoroquinolines AE
Generally tolerated well. GI, phototoxicity RARE: tendon rupture, significant hypoglycemia
Fluoroquinolines OTHER
Boxed Warning s do not apply to opthalmic routes reserved for serious systemic infections due to risks
Antibiotics/ Nitroimidazole
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Nitroimidazole INDICATION
Anaerobes, C. diff, bacterial vaginosis, Chron’s disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, GI infections
Nitroimidazole ROA
PO, IV
Nitroimidazole MOA
inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis or break down DNA strands
Nitroimidazole AE
HA, vaginitis, nausea, metallic taste Less Common: peripheral neuropathy, vomit with alcohol
Antibiotics/ Antifolates
Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (Bactrim)
Antifolates INDICATION
Broad coverage of Gram+ and Gram-, UTIs, infectious diarrhea, alternative MRSA treatment
Antifolates MOA
inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis or break down DNA strands
Antifolates AE
can cause allergy Rare but serious derm reactions: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome