antibiotics Flashcards
aminoglycosides are
nephrotoxic, potentiate NDNMB
clindamycin can induce
profound and long lasting neuromuscular block
vancomycin can cause
histamine release and hypotension
sulfonamide is
highly protein bound and can increase plasma levels oral anticoag
common gram + organisms (4)
strep pyrogenes, strep pneumoniae, staph aureus, enterococcus faecalis
common gram - bacteria (6)
klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas, influenzae, gonorrhoe
common anaerobes (2)
clostridium, bacteroids
what does beta lactamase inhibitor do for pcn
increases spectrum
pcn
gram positive cocci some gram neg
pcn and cephalosporins
cross-sensitivity, bacteriocidal, beta lactam abx
zosyn
pcn+beta lactamase
zosyn coverage
many gram +, gram -, anaerobes
ancef is a
1st gen cephalosporin
ancef coverage
gram +, some gram -, clostridium
third gen cephalosporin
rocephin- gram -, less gram +, inhibits cephalosporin
as generation of cephalosporins increases
gram positivity coverage increases and more coverage against pseudomonas (3rd and 4th)
4th gen cephalo
maxipime better gram +, more gram -, inhibit psudomonas
2nd generation cephal
ceftin, more gram neg, similar gram +
preferred surgical prophylaxis, some cross bbb
cephalosporin
carbepenems
(merrem, primaxin, invanz) broad, gram +, gram -, anaerobes
aztreonam, aminoglycosides (gent)
aerobic gram - only
vancomycin
gram + only
gram + coverage only
vanco, clindamycin, macrolides
clindamycin
gram + and anaerobes
metrondiazole
anaerobic coverage only
sulfonimides
some gram + and gram - coverage
what drugs interfere with cell wall synthesis
vanco, pcn, cephalosporins
what drugs inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
aminoglycosides, clindamycin
quinolones are
cipro, levo- cover gram +, most gram -, chlamydia, legionalle, mycoplasm
what do quinolones do
inhibit bacterial dna gyrase
tetracyclines
aerobic, anaerobic, gram +, gram -
aminoglycosides and tetracylcines
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at the translational level
polymixins
alter bacterial cell mem perm
pcn, cphalosporins, vanco
interfere with synthesis of cell wall
erythromycin and clindamycin moa
inhibit bacterial synthesis at the translational level
sulfonamides
inhibit microbial sythesis of folic acid
doxorubicin (adrianmyci) used in
breast, bladder, bronchhogenic ca, bone
doxoruicin (adrianmycin) complications
causes cardiomyopathy, acute l vent failure during anesthesia. non spec st-t chances, svt, pvcs.
symptoms dosoruicin cardiomyopathy
insidious with dry cough to heart failure that is unresponsive to inotropic drugs
bleomycin used for
testicular ca
serious side effect bleomycin
pulmonary toxicity- produces pulmonary endothelial damage to necrosis type 1 and proliferation of type 2 alveolar cells. interstitial fibrosis develops and may progress to whole lung.
pt with lymphoma may dev
hyperthermia, hypotension, hypovolemia
bleomycin anesthesia imp
fio2 <30%, replace fluids with colloids instead of crystalloids
limit fio2 in pt taking
bleomycin or mitomycin
elements mh
tacycardia, tachypnea, labile bp, risk etco2, masseter muscle spasm, acidosis, hyperthermia, tea colored urine, mottled skin
late comp mh
cerebral edema, myoglobinuric renal failure, consumptive coagulopathy, hepatic dysfunction, pulm edema
tx mh
call for help, hyperventilate 100% 02 at 10l, dantrolene 2.5mg/kg up to 10
dantrolene 1/2 time
5-8 hours
