Antibiotics Flashcards
Who is responsible for licensing drugs which can be used in Europe?
European Medicines Association (EMA)
The drugs licensed by the EMA are launched in all countries in Europe. TRUE/FALSE?
FALSE
The EMA decide what countries are most in need of the drug and where they will make the most money
Who in the UK is responsible for regulating the manufacturers?
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
What are the 3 outcomes of the Scottish Medicine Consortium review?
Medicine not recommended
Approved with restrictions (e.g. pregnancy, children etc)
Approved with NO restrictions
Who ultimately gets to decide what antibiotic should be used in the hospital?
Local formulary
What are the 4C antibiotics which increase the risk of C-Diff?
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
Ciprofloxacin (quinolones)
Co-amoxiclav
What are the NHS Tayside empirical antibiotics for SEPSIS?
IV Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin
Amoxicillin, Metronidazole and Gentamicin cover what types of bacteria?
Amoxicillin = Gm +ve Metronidazole = Anaerobes Gentamicin = Gm -ve
What is meant by “empirical” antibiotics?
Antibiotics given with our best guess, before we know what the bug is
How often should doctors review IV antibiotics?
daily
IV to ORAL switch should be made as soon as possible. TRUE/FALSE?
TRUE
Where are anaerobic bugs usually found?
No O2 required
=> DEEP in the body
Where are atypical organisms usually found?
Lungs/chest
Where are Gm -ve bacteria usually found?
GI tract
Where are Gm +ve bacteria normally found?
skin and mucous membranes
