Antibiotic Side Effects Flashcards
What are the general side effects of all antibiotics?
Nausea/Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Rash
Candida Infection
What is the most common allergy to penicillin?
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction => anaphylaxis
Flucloxacillin and co-amoxiclav are known to cause what side effect? How would you monitor this?
Cholestatic Jaundice
- check LFTs
What side effects are caused by macrolides?
GI disturbance
Hepatitis
Prolonged QT Interval
What side effects do the quinolones cause?
Prolonged QT Interval
Convulsions (lowers seizure threshold)
Tendonitis
Where in the body do aminoglycosides (e.g. Gentamicin) cause toxicity?
Kidney (nephrotoxicity)
Ear (ototoxicity)
How long are aminoglycosides given for to avoid toxicity?
3 days
What side effect is caused by vancomycin?
- Red man syndrome
- Histamine mediated reaction
- Occurs when vancomycin is given too quickly
How long should a vancomycin infusion take?
1hr
How are amoxicillin, Gentamicin and Metronidazole all given at the same time?
Amoxicillin Bolus
Metronidazole 1 hr infusion
Gentamicin 1 hr infusion
What side effects are caused by the tetracyclines?
Hepatotoxicity
Teeth staining
Photosensitivity (remind pts to wear high factor sun cream)
Dysphagia
Nitrofurantoin can cause what side effects?
Peripheral neuropathy
Interstitial Lung Disease/ Pulmonary Fibrosis
Co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim cause what problem in the blood?
Dyscrasias
Trimethoprim should be avoided in patients with what underlying disease?
Reduced renal function
Chloramphenicol is known to cause what 2 side effects?
Aplastic anaemia
Grey Baby
What is the consequence of most antibiotics being inhibitors?
Cause toxicity of any other drugs the patients is on
What effect do antibiotics have on warfarin?
Increase INR => decrease effect of warfarin
Metronidazole and alochol can cause what complication?
projectile vomit
similar to disulfiram reaction
What part of the penicillin structure causes the allergic reaction?
Beta-lactam ring
house and GARAGE
Give an example of an antibiotic which contains a beta-lactam ring however does not usually cause anaphylaxis in penicillin allergic patients?
Aztreonam
thiazolidine ring and beta-lactam ring are far away from each other - AKA house and garage
