antibiotics Flashcards
what type of antimicrobials exist
antibacterials, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antivirals, antiprotozoal, antihelminthic
what are the four mechanism of actions of antibacterials
inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
inhibitors of translation and transcription
inhibition of DNA syntheses and integrity
Inhibitors of folate synthesis and function
Beta-Lactams penicillins, Cephalosporins, Glycopeptides (vancomycin), and TB medications are examples of which antibacterials
antibacterials that inhibit the cell wall synthesis
Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Oxazolidinones: linezolid, Aminoglycosides, Spectinomycin, and TB medications are examples of which antibacterials
antibacterials that inhibit translation and transcription
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, and Quinolones are examples of which antibacterials
antibacterials that inhibit DNA synthesis and the integrity/inhibitors of folate synthesis and function
Bactericidal Mechanism
generally the mechanism is inhibition of cell wall synthesis
time dependent killing, serum level above MIC
concentration dependent killing, higher drug concentration determines rate and extent of killing
Bactericidal antibacterials that use time dependent killing
Beta lactase and vancomycin
Bactericidal antibacterials that use concentration dependent killing
ahminoglycosides and quinolone
Bacteriostatic mechanism
generally the mechanism is inhibition of protein synthesis
Bacteriostatic antibacterials
Tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides
Bactericidal vs. Bacteriostatic in immunocompromised patients
use caution using bacteriostatic on immunocompromised patients (not recommended)
Describe Postantibiotic effect
Persistent suppression of bacterial growth after limited exposure to an antimicrobial agent that may be due to:
- slow recovery after reversible non lethal damage to cell structures
- persistence of the drug at the binding site
- need to synthesize new enzymes before microorganism growth can resume
