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Pharm 1 Final Exam > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

used for acute pneumonias especially in immunocompromised

A

rocephin 3rd generation cephalosporin

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2
Q

fluoroquinolones pt education

A

do not take calcium, iron, dairy, or antacids 2 hours before 2 hours after doses
reduces/prevents absorption

FQ increases photosensitivity

drink plenty of fluids to reduce renal damage

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides SE

A

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

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4
Q

what type of bacteria does fluoroquinolones treat

A

gram neg and gram +

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5
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins fight

A

gram negative

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6
Q

4th generation cephalosporins used for

A

kidney
abdominal infection
P.aeruginosa

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7
Q

Side effects of tetracyclines (not like fluoroquinos)

A

diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, vertigo and ataxia

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8
Q

rocephin

A

3rd generation gram negative

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9
Q

which drug is used as empiric therapy

A

Extended spectrum penicillins
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin

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10
Q

What is cilistatin?

Q3: In what class

A 
a substance that prevents the breakdown of imipenem
class carbapenems- betalactams
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11
Q

What is a useful treatment option for people who are allergic to betalactams

A

fluoroquinones

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12
Q

used to treat travelers diarrhea

A

tetracycline

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13
Q

phenszopyridine/pyridium

A

(NOT ANTIINFECTIVE)
Analgesic specific for dysuria
analgesic only- decreases pain of dysuria

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14
Q

If a patient is allergic to a betalactams

A

they are allergic to other betalactams except for MONOBACTAMS

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15
Q

What are the types of antibacterials?

A 
Beta-lactams
Flouroquinolones
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Aminoglycosides
Other agents
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16
Q

Which medicine causes achilles tendon rupture and tendinopathy

A

fluoroquinolones

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17
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins fight

A

gram negative and anaerobes

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18
Q

penilcillin with clear solution is given via which route?

A

IV

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19
Q

Macrolides fight

Examples are

A 
gram positive
Azithromycin/ Zithromax
Clarithromycin
Erthromycin
*end in mycin but not all drugs that end in mycin are macrolides
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20
Q

Phenazopyridine/Macrodantin side effects

A

turns uring orange red

analgesic only- decreases pain of dysuria

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21
Q

Fluoroquinone is no longer recommended for which conditions

Why?

A

cystitis, sinusitis, bronchitis

serious side effects

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22
Q

4th generation cephalosporins treat what type of bacteria

A

broad spectrum- gram - and +

needs ID approval

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23
Q

____ is the drug of choice for anthrax

Which is in what class

A

cirpo

which is a fluoroquinone

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24
Q

RARE side effects of fluoroquinolones

A

rare: aortic anurysm or dissection

seizures

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25
5th generation cephalosporins example | and what does it treat
MRSA & Community acquired pneumonia | ceftaroline
26
Patient education for tetracyclines
Similar to FQ: do not take dairy, iron, antacids, calcium 2 hrs b4 2 hrs after, reduces absorption avoid sun exposure
27
zosyn is a mixture of
piperacillin w/ tazobactam
28
Which drug Known to cause seizures in children
carbapenems
29
tetracycline is used for which diseases
*severe acne + others (in other cards, trav diarrhrea
30
What can we treat bone infections with?
``` penicillinase resistant penicillins: methicillin nafcillin oxacillin dicloxacillin ```
31
unasyn is a mixture of
ampicillin w/ sulbactam
32
used to treat severe acne
tetracycline
33
___ causes side effects similar fluoroquinones
tetracyclines
34
How are antibiotics grouped?
grouped by similar structure and mechanism of action Own words: they look the same (chemically) and they fight the same
35
penicillin with milky fluid- Which route is this given?
IM
36
Augmentin is a mixture of
amoxicillin w/ clavulante
37
tetracycline targets what type of bacteria
broad spectrum
38
Penicillinase resistant penicillins
methicillin nafcillin oxacillin dicloxacillin DONT MOVE ONE NOSTRIL- heavy artiliery
39
1st generation cephalosporins fight...
gram positive bacteria
40
names of antibiotics w/ betalactamase inhibitors
augmentin, zosyn, unasyn
41
used for serious infections meningitis, serious UTI
monobactams
42
Betalactams include
``` SUPERCLASS penilicillins cephalosporins carabapenems monobactams ```
43
Nitrofurantoin side effects
Watch out for use in kidney disease | Check for BUN and creatinine
44
How can i treat penicillinase producing bacteria?
Penicillinase resistant penicillin -DMON acronym OR betalactam w/ betalactamase inhibitor
45
Macrolide side effects | think this may be important
``` angioedema (swelling of lips and face) anaphylaxis renal damage cardiotoxicity dysrthmias --> cardiac arrest ```
46
A person with an STD would be prescribed
shot of rocethin and (Macrolide) z pack (fights chlamidia)
47
example of monobactams
aztreonam/azactam only one available in US
48
which drug fights Mycobacterium avian complex in AIDS patients
macrolides
49
better at fighting against S. aureus Aminopen or Cephalosporins
cephalosporins 1st generation | cause less of a reaction
50
What drugs are examples of aminopenicillins?
Amoxicillin and ampicillin
51
which cephalosporin class needs ID approval?
4 generation
52
Which are the extended spectrum penicillins?
Ticarcillin | Piperacillin
53
Main 4th generation cephalosporin we give
cefepime
54
Side effects of betalactams
``` Well tolerated for the most part GI upset diarrhea Headache Allergic reaction- rash to hives to anaphylaxis ```
55
proceed with caution: fluoroquinolones
pt's w/ heart conditions epileptic
56
Uses for Penicillins
syphillis | Respiratory and skin infections
57
dont give to younger than 8 years old | Why
tetracycline | yellow baby teeth
58
Diseases that we treat with the same pathway
``` MI pneumonia CHF HF diabetes ```
59
antibiotics must be started within _ hours of tx in the pneumonia pathway
2 hours
60
___ is used a an alternative when patients are allergic to amoxicillin Q2: class? Q3: when will this exception not be made?
cephalexin cephalosporin- 1st genereation if theres a serious reax like anaphylaxis- not used- 10% cross sensitivitiy
61
Dont give to children 17 or younger
fluoroquinolones | joints bones cartilage not fully strong/secure
62
Aminoglycosides
(these are the ones ending in mycin) Gentamycin Tobramycin Streptomycin
63
____ is used synergistically with betalactams for severe pneumonias
gentamycin which is a | aminoglycosides
64
___ is so toxic and will only be given as one dose
gentamycin
65
____ is a tobramycin inhalation solution used for P aeruginosa and pts with cystic fibrosis
TOBI
66
___ is used to treat TB | Q2 what class
streptomycin | aminoglycosides
67
if allergic to sulfur do not take
Bactrim/sulfacetimide - sulfonamides
68
BActrim is from the class
sulfonamides
69
PCP pnemonia occurs in
LRTI HIV patients
70
treats PCP pneumonia
bactrim | sulfonamide
71
SE bactrim
hyperkalemia stevens johnson syndrome - serious skin infection blisters down throat could cause cardiac arrest to pts on ACE's and ARB's due to hyperkalemia (fatal dyssrthmias)
72
Clindamycin trade name
Cleocin | Clindamycin is in its own class
73
you can develop C diff from
Streptomycin
74
Patient education on Streptomycin
report any diarrhea
75
___ treats C. diff bacteria
Metronidazole
76
SE metronidazole
headache diziness nausea metalic taste in mouth
77
treatment for metronidazole's specific SE
hard candy for metallic taste
78
Patient education on metronidazole
metallic taste | NO ALCOhol throughout treatment and 48 hours after the last one
79
Big gun antibitoics Class
``` Vancomycin Dalbavancin Daptomycin Linezolid Quinupristin Class- glycopeptide antibiotics ```
80
red man syndrome
erythematous rash on face neck and upper torso- minutes after administration
81
causes red man syndrome
vancomycin | dalbavancin
82
treats C.diff but can also cause C.diff
DalbavancinBig gun
83
only given as two doses
DalbavancinBig gun
84
___ interfears with coagulants
oritavancin
85
treats septic arthritis
daptomycin - cubicin Big gun
86
SE cubicin | Class?
anemia and GI upset- less than 10% myopathy (muscle damage) eosinophillic pnemonia daptomycin
87
Patient monitoring for cubicin
if muscle pain or eosinophillic pneumonia develops therapy must be stopped
88
How does myopathy present itself
aches and pains in the bones | breakdown of muscle causes myoglobinuria
89
Linezolid trade name | Class
Zyvox | Big gun
90
Zyvox SE
blood dyscrasias vision problems seizures
91
treats diabetic food infection
zyvox
92
used of ___ medication can lead to serotonin syndrome when used with antibiotics
zyvox
93
patient montiroing during zyvox
blurred vision | seizures- especially patients w/ epilepsy
94
Quinupristin trade name
synercid
95
synercid SE
hyperbilirubin (jaundice) | myalagia/myopathy
96
monitoring patient on synercid
watch fro signs of jaundice and muscle aches and pains
97
pts on what type of medications will have worsening myopathys
cholesterol statins

Pharm 1 Final Exam (16 decks)

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