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Pharm 1 Final Exam > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

used for acute pneumonias especially in immunocompromised

A

rocephin 3rd generation cephalosporin

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2
Q

fluoroquinolones pt education

A

do not take calcium, iron, dairy, or antacids 2 hours before 2 hours after doses
reduces/prevents absorption

FQ increases photosensitivity

drink plenty of fluids to reduce renal damage

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides SE

A

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

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4
Q

what type of bacteria does fluoroquinolones treat

A

gram neg and gram +

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5
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins fight

A

gram negative

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6
Q

4th generation cephalosporins used for

A

kidney
abdominal infection
P.aeruginosa

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7
Q

Side effects of tetracyclines (not like fluoroquinos)

A

diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, vertigo and ataxia

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8
Q

rocephin

A

3rd generation gram negative

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9
Q

which drug is used as empiric therapy

A

Extended spectrum penicillins
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin

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10
Q

What is cilistatin?

Q3: In what class

A 
a substance that prevents the breakdown of imipenem
class carbapenems- betalactams
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11
Q

What is a useful treatment option for people who are allergic to betalactams

A

fluoroquinones

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12
Q

used to treat travelers diarrhea

A

tetracycline

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13
Q

phenszopyridine/pyridium

A

(NOT ANTIINFECTIVE)
Analgesic specific for dysuria
analgesic only- decreases pain of dysuria

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14
Q

If a patient is allergic to a betalactams

A

they are allergic to other betalactams except for MONOBACTAMS

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15
Q

What are the types of antibacterials?

A 
Beta-lactams
Flouroquinolones
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
Aminoglycosides
Other agents
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16
Q

Which medicine causes achilles tendon rupture and tendinopathy

A

fluoroquinolones

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17
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins fight

A

gram negative and anaerobes

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18
Q

penilcillin with clear solution is given via which route?

A

IV

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19
Q

Macrolides fight

Examples are

A 
gram positive
Azithromycin/ Zithromax
Clarithromycin
Erthromycin
*end in mycin but not all drugs that end in mycin are macrolides
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20
Q

Phenazopyridine/Macrodantin side effects

A

turns uring orange red

analgesic only- decreases pain of dysuria

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21
Q

Fluoroquinone is no longer recommended for which conditions

Why?

A

cystitis, sinusitis, bronchitis

serious side effects

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22
Q

4th generation cephalosporins treat what type of bacteria

A

broad spectrum- gram - and +

needs ID approval

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23
Q

____ is the drug of choice for anthrax

Which is in what class

A

cirpo

which is a fluoroquinone

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24
Q

RARE side effects of fluoroquinolones

A

rare: aortic anurysm or dissection

seizures

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25
Q

5th generation cephalosporins example

and what does it treat

A

MRSA & Community acquired pneumonia

ceftaroline

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26
Q

Patient education for tetracyclines

A

Similar to FQ:
do not take dairy, iron, antacids, calcium 2 hrs b4 2 hrs after, reduces absorption

avoid sun exposure

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27
Q

zosyn is a mixture of

A

piperacillin w/ tazobactam

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28
Q

Which drug Known to cause seizures in children

A

carbapenems

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29
Q

tetracycline is used for which diseases

A

*severe acne

+ others (in other cards, trav diarrhrea

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30
Q

What can we treat bone infections with?

A 
penicillinase resistant penicillins: 
methicillin
nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
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31
Q

unasyn is a mixture of

A

ampicillin w/ sulbactam

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32
Q

used to treat severe acne

A

tetracycline

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33
Q

___ causes side effects similar fluoroquinones

A

tetracyclines

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34
Q

How are antibiotics grouped?

A

grouped by similar structure and mechanism of action

Own words: they look the same (chemically) and they fight the same

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35
Q

penicillin with milky fluid- Which route is this given?

A

IM

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36
Q

Augmentin is a mixture of

A

amoxicillin w/ clavulante

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37
Q

tetracycline targets what type of bacteria

A

broad spectrum

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38
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

A

methicillin
nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin

DONT MOVE ONE NOSTRIL- heavy artiliery

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39
Q

1st generation cephalosporins fight…

A

gram positive bacteria

40
Q

names of antibiotics w/ betalactamase inhibitors

A

augmentin, zosyn, unasyn

41
Q

used for serious infections meningitis, serious UTI

A

monobactams

42
Q

Betalactams include

A 
SUPERCLASS
penilicillins
cephalosporins
carabapenems
monobactams
43
Q

Nitrofurantoin side effects

A

Watch out for use in kidney disease

Check for BUN and creatinine

44
Q

How can i treat penicillinase producing bacteria?

A

Penicillinase resistant penicillin -DMON acronym
OR
betalactam w/ betalactamase inhibitor

45
Q

Macrolide side effects

think this may be important

A 
angioedema (swelling of lips and face)
anaphylaxis 
renal damage
cardiotoxicity
dysrthmias --> cardiac arrest
46
Q

A person with an STD would be prescribed

A

shot of rocethin and (Macrolide) z pack (fights chlamidia)

47
Q

example of monobactams

A

aztreonam/azactam only one available in US

48
Q

which drug fights Mycobacterium avian complex in AIDS patients

A

macrolides

49
Q

better at fighting against S. aureus Aminopen or Cephalosporins

A

cephalosporins 1st generation

cause less of a reaction

50
Q

What drugs are examples of aminopenicillins?

A

Amoxicillin and ampicillin

51
Q

which cephalosporin class needs ID approval?

A

4 generation

52
Q

Which are the extended spectrum penicillins?

A

Ticarcillin

Piperacillin

53
Q

Main 4th generation cephalosporin we give

A

cefepime

54
Q

Side effects of betalactams

A 
Well tolerated for the most part
GI upset
diarrhea 
Headache
Allergic reaction- rash to hives to anaphylaxis
55
Q

proceed with caution: fluoroquinolones

A

pt’s w/
heart conditions
epileptic

56
Q

Uses for Penicillins

A

syphillis

Respiratory and skin infections

57
Q

dont give to younger than 8 years old

Why

A

tetracycline

yellow baby teeth

58
Q

Diseases that we treat with the same pathway

A 
MI
pneumonia
CHF
HF
diabetes
59
Q

antibiotics must be started within _ hours of tx in the pneumonia pathway

A

2 hours

60
Q

___ is used a an alternative when patients are allergic to amoxicillin
Q2: class?
Q3: when will this exception not be made?

A

cephalexin
cephalosporin- 1st genereation

if theres a serious reax like anaphylaxis- not used- 10% cross sensitivitiy

61
Q

Dont give to children 17 or younger

A

fluoroquinolones

joints bones cartilage not fully strong/secure

62
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

(these are the ones ending in mycin)
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin

63
Q

____ is used synergistically with betalactams for severe pneumonias

A

gentamycin which is a

aminoglycosides

64
Q

___ is so toxic and will only be given as one dose

A

gentamycin

65
Q

____ is a tobramycin inhalation solution used for P aeruginosa and pts with cystic fibrosis

A

TOBI

66
Q

___ is used to treat TB

Q2 what class

A

streptomycin

aminoglycosides

67
Q

if allergic to sulfur do not take

A

Bactrim/sulfacetimide - sulfonamides

68
Q

BActrim is from the class

A

sulfonamides

69
Q

PCP pnemonia occurs in

A

LRTI HIV patients

70
Q

treats PCP pneumonia

A

bactrim

sulfonamide

71
Q

SE bactrim

A

hyperkalemia
stevens johnson syndrome - serious skin infection blisters down throat
could cause cardiac arrest to pts on ACE’s and ARB’s due to hyperkalemia (fatal dyssrthmias)

72
Q

Clindamycin trade name

A

Cleocin

Clindamycin is in its own class

73
Q

you can develop C diff from

A

Streptomycin

74
Q

Patient education on Streptomycin

A

report any diarrhea

75
Q

___ treats C. diff bacteria

A

Metronidazole

76
Q

SE metronidazole

A

headache
diziness
nausea
metalic taste in mouth

77
Q

treatment for metronidazole’s specific SE

A

hard candy for metallic taste

78
Q

Patient education on metronidazole

A

metallic taste

NO ALCOhol throughout treatment and 48 hours after the last one

79
Q

Big gun antibitoics

Class

A 
Vancomycin
Dalbavancin
Daptomycin
Linezolid
Quinupristin
Class- glycopeptide antibiotics
80
Q

red man syndrome

A

erythematous rash on face neck and upper torso- minutes after administration

81
Q

causes red man syndrome

A

vancomycin

dalbavancin

82
Q

treats C.diff but can also cause C.diff

A

DalbavancinBig gun

83
Q

only given as two doses

A

DalbavancinBig gun

84
Q

___ interfears with coagulants

A

oritavancin

85
Q

treats septic arthritis

A

daptomycin - cubicin Big gun

86
Q

SE cubicin

Class?

A

anemia and GI upset- less than 10%
myopathy (muscle damage)
eosinophillic pnemonia
daptomycin

87
Q

Patient monitoring for cubicin

A

if muscle pain or eosinophillic pneumonia develops therapy must be stopped

88
Q

How does myopathy present itself

A

aches and pains in the bones

breakdown of muscle causes myoglobinuria

89
Q

Linezolid trade name

Class

A

Zyvox

Big gun

90
Q

Zyvox SE

A

blood dyscrasias
vision problems
seizures

91
Q

treats diabetic food infection

A

zyvox

92
Q

used of ___ medication can lead to serotonin syndrome when used with antibiotics

A

zyvox

93
Q

patient montiroing during zyvox

A

blurred vision

seizures- especially patients w/ epilepsy

94
Q

Quinupristin trade name

A

synercid

95
Q

synercid SE

A

hyperbilirubin (jaundice)

myalagia/myopathy

96
Q

monitoring patient on synercid

A

watch fro signs of jaundice and muscle aches and pains

97
Q

pts on what type of medications will have worsening myopathys

A

cholesterol statins

Pharm 1 Final Exam (16 decks)

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