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Pharm 1 Final Exam > Analgesics > Flashcards

Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

postaglandins

A

sensitize neurons to painful stimuli

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2
Q

endorphins

A

(endogenous morphine)
blocks painful stimuli
stimulate pleasure centers in the brain

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3
Q

GABA

A

calms down nerves- (but unsure as to why it calms them down. reduces neuronal hyper excitability related to epilepsy and neuropathic pain)

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4
Q

Types of nociceptive pain

A

Somatic (skin bone joint muscle or connective tissue

Visceral pain- internal organs

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5
Q

___ often results in a phenomenon known as “referred pain”

A

visceral pain which is nociceptive pain

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6
Q

role of NSAIDS

A

reduces inflammation

reduces pain

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7
Q

neuropathic pain

A

comes from the nerves itself

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8
Q

“burning, shooting, stinging pain”

A

neuropathic pain

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9
Q

which type of pain does not involve stimuli

A

neuropathic pain

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10
Q

diseases invoving neuropathic pain

A

diabetic neuropathy

postherpetic neuralgia

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11
Q

___ pain is the result of neurophysiological problems

A

neuropathic pain

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12
Q

___ pain is phamton limb pain

A

neuropathic

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13
Q

aka learned pain

A

phantom limb pain

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14
Q

____ used for minor aches and pains

A

pain relief topical agents

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15
Q

What type of local anesthetic causes vasoconstriction and less bleeding

A

lidocaine w/ epinephrine

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16
Q

cant use lidocaine with epi where

A

fingers toes nose penis

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17
Q

treats mild to moderate severe pain

A

NSAIDS

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18
Q

Examples of NSAIDS

A 
ibuprofen 
naproxen 
meloxicam
asprin
toradol
celebrex
diplofenac- topically
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19
Q

ibuprofen works for

A

4-6 hours

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20
Q

naproxen works for

A

12 hours

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21
Q

meloxicam works for

A

24 hours

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22
Q

celebrex works for

A

24 hours

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23
Q

Asprin precaution

A

avoid use in children can cause reye’s syndrome

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24
Q

pain number for mild to moderate pain is anything between

A

1-4

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25
Q

NSAIDS MOA

A 
inhibits formation of prostaglandins
and thromboxanes (cause inflammation)
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26
Q

how are NSAIDS excreted?

A

renally.

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27
Q

Precations for NSAIDS

A

use with caution in elderly (they have decreased kidney function)
Worsens HF

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28
Q

Do not prescribe NSAIDS to patients with which disorders

A 
stomach ulcers (can cause this)
stomach ache (can cause a stomach ache)
HF (worsens- causes fluid overload)
29
Q

Which NSAID has Less stomach irritation

A

Celebrex

meloxicam

30
Q

IV NSAID

A

Toradol

31
Q

Topically applied NSAID

A

Diclofenac

32
Q

kidney stones (renal colic) can be treated w/ works well with

A

Torodol

33
Q

kidney infection is MORE likely if i combine an NSAID w/

A

ACE
ARB
diuretic

34
Q

NSAIDS can reduce effects of

A

hypertensives

Worsens Hypertension

35
Q

What areas in older adults is toxicity seen with NSAIDS

A

GI tract

kidneys

36
Q

Acetaminophen used for

MOA

A

mild to moderate pain but NOT to treat inflammation

inhibits prostaglandins but not thromboxanes

37
Q

has antipyretic properties

A

NSAIDs tylenol

38
Q

GI problems, caused by NSAIDS or tylenol

A

NSAIDS

39
Q

max dose of acetaminophen

A

4g/day

3kg/lifetime

40
Q

motrin max dose

A

3200 mg/day

41
Q

Antidote for acetaminophen

A

mucomyst IV

charcoal

42
Q

Opiods all have short durations (how long) except for

A

4 hours

methadone

43
Q

when first taking methadone the duration of action is __ hrs, after repeated doses the duration is ___

A

4 hours, 24 hours

44
Q

provides a safe opioid as a substitute for heroin

A

methadone

45
Q

___ is the weakest opioid

A

tramadol

46
Q

middle strength of opioids

A

hydrocodone

codeine

47
Q

Used for moderate to severe neuropathic or nociceptive pain

A

opioids

48
Q

If you are allergic to opioids which opioids can you take?

A

methadone, fentanyl, meperidine

since structure is dissimilar

49
Q

effects of opioids on pupils/eyes

A

constricts pupils

50
Q

epidural route

A

into spine

51
Q

intrathecal route

A

into meanings of spinal cord

52
Q

contraindications of opioids

A 
liver disease
kidney disease
premature infants - avoid
increased intracranial pressure 
prostatic hypertrophy
53
Q

transdermal opioids which for short term PCA?

A

Ionsys

54
Q

when do we look for fentanyl patches

A

when assessing patient
AMS
respiratory depression
applying another patch

55
Q

if someone has AMS what else can you do for them?** she repeats this one twice

A 
check: 
ABC's
blood glucose
EtOh
CT scan of head (brain bleed)
brain injury
give them ******Narcand****
56
Q

post hemetic neuralgia aka

causes what type of pain

A

shingles

neuropathic pain

57
Q

Dirty Drug”

A

meperidine

b/c metabolizes inot things that are harmful to patients

58
Q

meperidine used for

A

restricted to patients with pancreatic diseases

59
Q

used for severe pain, example cancer

A

methadone

60
Q

very difficult to resusitate patient in OD of ____

A

methadone

61
Q

____ opiod with least risk of respiratory depression

A

tramadol

62
Q

opioid antidote

A

narcane

naloxone/enzio- home antidote

63
Q

how must naloxone be taken to block euphoria

A

crushed
snorted
injected

64
Q

When naloxone is taken orally will it deter abuse

A

no

65
Q

Diseases that would cause bone pain

A

pagets dx- (malformation of the bone caused by osteoarthiris)

bone cancer
osteoarthritis

66
Q

treatment for bone pain

A

bisphosphonates- used to treat osteroprosis
steriods
(sometimes need opioids)

67
Q

lyrica and gabapentrin is used for which dx

A

diabetic peripheral neuropathy
fibromyalgia
postherpatic neuralgia
epilepsy

68
Q

lyrica function

A

calm nerves down

69
Q

lyrica SE

A

diziness
headache
drowsiness
more youtake more SE u experience

Pharm 1 Final Exam (16 decks)

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