Antibiotics Flashcards
Which antibiotics should be avoided in a penicillin allergy?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins (eg ceftraixone)
Carbapenems (meropenem)
Which is the antibiotic of choice for a mild community acquired pneumonia in a penicillin allergic patient?
Oral as mild
Avoid penicillins and cephalosporins
Erythromycin/clarithromycin (macrolide)
Clarithro better as less nausea and only BD
Which 3 antibiotics should be used for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?
Amoxicillin, clarithromycin or tetracycline
Which abx is recommended in CAP?
Amoxicillin (fluclox to eradicate staph if superimposed on flu)
Eythromycin/clari if pen allergic
Which abx is recommended in atypical pneumonia?
Clarithromycin (macrolide)
Which abx are recommended in HAP?
<5 days of admission: co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
>5 days after admission: piperacillin with tazobactam OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
Name 2 abx recommended for lower UTI
Nitrofurantoin or
Trimethoprim
Name 2 abx recommended for pyelonephritis
Broad spectrum cephalosporin (caftazidime) or
Quinolone (ciprofloxacin)
Treatment of acute prostatitis
Quinolone (cipro) or
Trimethoprim
Recommended treatment of impetigo
Fusidic acid (topical) If widespread, oral flucloxicillin/erythromycin
Recommended treatment of cellulitis
Flucloxicillin
Clarithromycin if pen allergic
Recommended treatment of animal/human bites
Co-amoxiclav
doxycyline+metronidazole if pen allergic
Recommended treatment of mastitis
Flucloxicillin
Recommended treatment of throat infections
Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) erythromycin if pen allergic
Recommended treatment of sinusitis/otitis media
Amoxicillin (erythro)
Recommended treatment of otitis externa
Flucloxicillin (erythro)
Peridontal abscess treatment
Amoxicillin
Ulcerating/necrotising Metronidazole
Recommended treatment of gonorrhoea
IM ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin (macrolide)
Recommended treatment of chlamydia
Doxycycline (tetracycline) or azithromycin (macrolide)
Recommended treatment of PID
Ofloxacin (quinolone) + metronidazole OR IM ceftriaxone (cephalosporin) + metronidazole + doxycycline (tetracycline)
Recommended treatment of syphilis
Benzathine penicillin or doxycycline (tetracycline) or erythromycin (macrolide)
Recommended treatment of BV
Oral/topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin
Treatment of 1st episode of C diff
Metronidazole
Treatment of recurring C diff
Vancomycin (glycopeptide)
Treatment of campylobacter enteritis
Clarithromycin (macrolide)
Treatment of salmonella
Ciprofloxacin (quinolone)
Treatment of Shigellosis
Ciprofloxacin (quinolone)
Which antibiotics are most likely to cause C diff?
Broad spectrum Cephalosporins most likely Penicillins Clindamycin Quinolones (ciprofloxacin)
Treatment of C diff
1st line oral metronidazole for 10-14days
2nd line/if severe oral vancomycin
Life threatening IV metro + vanc
Main SE of metronidazole (and class)
Nitromidazole
Peripheral neuropathy
Interacts with alcohol
Which abx should be avoided in pts taking statins? Why?
Clarithromycin
P450 enzyme inhibition, increases risk of rhabdomyolysis
What abx is used prophylactically in sickle cell disease?
Phenoixymethylpenicillin
erythromycin if pen allergic
How is blepharitis treated if simple hygiene methods fail?
Chloramphenicol 1% eye drops
When should quinolones be prescribed with caution?
Epilepsy
Children (arthropathy)
1st line treatment of meningitis in 20yr old
Cefotaxime
Aciclovir
Dexamethasone
Which abx is linked with steven-johnson syndrome?
Sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole)
All sulfonamides
Which abx is linked with peripheral neuropathy?
Metronidazole
What is the early treatment of Lyme’s disease?
Doxycycline
Management of neutropenic sepsis
Immediately start piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin)
Management for an MRSA carrier?
Nasal mupirocin
Chlorhexidine for the skin
Which antibiotic reacts with alcohol?
Metronidazole
