Antibiotics

Question 1

What are the 4 mechanisms of action for antibiotics?

Answer 1

• Antibiotics that attack the peptidoglycan wall
• Antibiotics that attack the bacterial ribosome
• Antibiotics that attack the nucleic acid
• Antibiotics that have an antimetabolite Activity by disrupting the bacterias ability to sythesize folate.

Question 2

List the antibiotics that disrupt the peptidoglycan cell wall?

Answer 2

BETA LACTAMS:

• Penicillins
• Carborpenems
• Cephalosporins
• Betalactamase inhibitors → Tazobactam and clavulanic acid.
• GLYCOPEPTIDES

Question 3

What are the antibiotics that attack the bacterial ribosome?

Answer 3

• Aminoglycasides → attacks the 30s ribosome
• Teracycline → attacks the 30S ribosome

•Cloramphenicol → Attacks the 50s ribosome
.Macrolides → attacks 50s ribosome

Question 4

What are the antibiotics that attack the nucleic acid?

Answer 4

• Quinolones
• Rifamipicin
• Metronidazole

Question 5

What is the beta lactam method of action?

Answer 5

β-Lactam antibiotics inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall.

Question 6

What is Glycopeptides method of action ?

Answer 6

Glycopeptides inhibit the release peptidoglycan building blocks from the cell membrane, preventing their addition to the growing end of the wall.

Question 7

What are the antibiotics that have antimetabolite activity?

Answer 7

• Trimethoprim

* sulphonamides

Question 8

How do Quinolones work?

Answer 8

They inhibit DNA coiling of the DNA gyrase.

Question 9

How does rifampicin work?

Answer 9

Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity.

Question 10

How does metronidazole work?

Answer 10

It inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells

Question 11

How do sulphonamides work?

Answer 11

Suphonamides are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase disrupting the folate synthesis that feeds the bacteria.

Question 12

How does trimethoprim work?

Answer 12

It inhibits folate conversion targeting dihydroreductase disrupting folate sythesis.

Question 13

What are the 3 1st generation Cephalosporins?

Answer 13

CEFA-
•Cefadrin
•Cefadroxil
•Cefalexin
•Cefazolin

Question 14

What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins?

Answer 14

Cefaclor
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Cefprozil
Cefuroxime

Question 15

What are the 3rd generation Cephalosporins?

Answer 15

Cefdinir
Cefditoren
Cefixime
CEFOTAXIME
Cefpodoxime
CEFTAZIDIME
Ceftibuten
CEFTRIAXONE

Question 16

Tazocin is what 2 antibiotics together?

Answer 16

Pippericillin and tazobactam

Question 17

Coamoxiclav is what 2 antibiotics together?

Answer 17

Amoxicillin and calvulanic acid

Question 18

Name the carbapenems?

Answer 18

• Imipenem
• Meropenem
• Ertapenem
• Doripenem

Question 19

Name the penicillins?

Answer 19

• Penicillin V
• Benzylpenicillin
• Ampicillin
• Amoxicillin
• Pipperocillin
• Flucloxacillin

Question 20

Name the glycopeptides?

Answer 20

• Vancomycin

* teicoplanin

Question 21

Name the aminoglycosides?

Answer 21

• Gentamicin
• Streptomicin
• Amikacin
• streptomicin

Question 22

Name the tetracyclines?

Answer 22

• Minocycline
• Doxycycline
• Tertracycline
• Oxy-tetracycline

Question 23

What does cloramphenicol target?

Answer 23

50s ribosome

Question 24

Name the macrolides?

Answer 24

• Azythromycin
• Clarythromycin
• Erythromycin
• Roxithromycin

Question 25

Name the quinolones?

Answer 25

• Ciprofloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• Norfloxacin
• Ofloxacin

Question 26

What are the 3 families of nucleic acid targeting antibiotics?

Answer 26

• Metronidazole
• Rifampicin
• Quinolones

Question 27

What are the 2 antibiotics that target the bacterial folate synthesis?

Answer 27

• Sulphonamide

* trimethoprim

Question 28

What is an alternative to trimethoprim in treating UTI?

Answer 28

Nitrofurantoin

Question 29

What in linezolid?

Answer 29

Linezolid is an oxazolidinones

Question 30

What is the method of action of linezolid?

Answer 30

Linezolid targets the 30 +50s ribosomes stopping the translation of messenger RNA.