Antibiotics Flashcards
Name 3 aminoglycosides.
Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin
What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?
Inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage.
Name 4 inidications for the use of Gentamicin?
Gram negative infections
Serious systemic enterococcal infections
Surgical prophylaxis
P. aeruginosa infections (inc. cystic fibrosis)
Name 2 cephalosporins
Cephalexin
Cefaclor
What is the MOA of cephalosporins?
Interferes with the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, causing cell lysis and death.
Name 2 indications for cephalexin.
Staphylococcal infections (skin)
Streptococcal infections w penicillin allergy
UTI
What is the daily dose for cephalexin?
Adult: 250-500mg q6h OR 500-1000mg 6-12 hourly. Max 4g daily.
Child: 6.25-12.5mg/ml. Max 500mg q6h.
What is the daily dose of cefaclor?
Adult: 375-750mg CR bd.
Child: 10mg/kg q8h. Max 15mg/kg q8h.
Name 3 indications for cefaclor use.
Otitis media
H. influenzae respiratory tract infections
Acute bacterial sinusitis.
Which antibiotic is used first line for mild-moderate community acquired staph infections?
Flucloxacillin 250-500mg q6h. Maximum 4g daily.
Second-line: cephalexin, clindamycin or a macrolide.
Which antibiotic is used for endocarditis prophylaxis?
First-line: Amoxycillin 2g stat 1 hour prior to procedure.
Second-line: Clindamycin 600mg 1 hour prior to procedure.
Which antibiotic is used for Clostridium difficile infections?
Metronidazole:
Adult 400mg q8h for 10 days
Child: 10mg/kg (max 400mg) q8h for 10 days
Which antibiotic is used for giardiasis infections?
First-line: tinidazole 2g stat (divide in pregnancy)
Second-line: Metronidazole 2g d for 3 days
Which antibiotic is used for traveller’s diarrhoea?
First-line: Norfloxacin 800mg stat or 400mg bd for 3 days.
Second-line: Azithromycin 1g stat or 500mg d for 3 days.
Which antibiotics are used for UTI?
First-line: Trimethoprim Cephalexin Amoxycillin with clavulanic acid Second-line: norfloxacin
