Antibiotics 2 Flashcards
Viral infections do not respond to these
Antibiotics
When to use antibiotics
1) Fever or chills within the last 24 hours.
2) Malaise, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, rapid respiration.
3) Trismus
4) Cellulitis
5) Local or systemic infection with a hx of rheumatic fever, endocarditits, heart prosthesis.
6) Immunocompromised status (AIDS, cancer, autoimmune diseases, corticosteroid therapy).
7) Allograph (cardiac, renal, bone marrow, liver, osseous implant).
8) Diabetes mellitus Type I, II , or III.
A beta-lactam antibiotic
Penicillin G or V
Only natural penicillin still in use, and has a short half-life.
Not used orally bc the half life is so short.
Pen G
Acid stable penicillin that’s well absorbed orally.
Pen V
The most widely prescribed antibiotic.
Amoxicillin
Enzyme that breaks down the beta-lactam rings in some antibiotics.
Penicillinase
Prevent the breakdown of beta lactam antibtiotics.
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
A type of beta lactamase inhibitor.
Clavulanic acid
Components of Augmentin.
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
Substitute for Penicillin
Cephalosporin
The more advanced the generation of cephalosporins, the more ______ the spectrum.
Broad
Bind to 30s ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis.
Tetracyclines
Long action tetracycline.
Doxy and Minocycline
Cause dental staining when given to kids under 12.
Tetracyclines.
This antibiotic is used for:
- Orofacial infections
- Adjunct in treating periodontitis
- NUG
- Periodontal abscesses
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines bind to these cations, which are found in dairy products and antacids.
Ca2+
Mg 2+
Fe2+
Al3+
Abs that bind to 50s ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis.
Macrolides (Erythromycin and Clindamycin).
Not the drug of choice for anaerobic odontogenic infections.
Macrolides
One of the most interactive (causes bad drug interactions) antibiotics that we have.
Erythromycin
Has poor tissue concentration and is acid labile (destroyed by the acidic stomac).
Erythromycin
Macrolide ab used for upper/lower respiratory infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and STD’s.
Azithromycin
This ab is engulfed by phagocytes and transported to the site of infection.
Azithromycin
Ab for people with kidney failure bc it’s metabolized thru the liver, not the kidney.
Clindamycin
