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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis?

A

Penicillin
BLI
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactam (aztreonam)
Glycopeptides - vanco, teico
Bacitracin
Fosfomycin

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2
Q

Inhibits 30s protein synthesis

A

TAG
T - Tetracyclines
A - Aminoglycosides
G - Glycyclines (tigecycline_

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3
Q

Inhibits 50s protein synthesis

A

MLS MOCK FM
M - Macrolides (E,AZM)4
L - Lincosamide (Clinda)
S - Streptogramin
M - Macrocyclic (Fidaxomicin)
O - Oxazolidinone (Linezolid)
C - Chloramphenicol
K - Ketolide
F - Fusidic Acid
M - Mupirocin

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Colistin
Polymyxin
Lipopeptides (Dapto)

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5
Q

Nucleic acid synthesis

A

Quinolones - Naldixic acid
Fluoroquinolones - Cipro, Levo
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin

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6
Q

Folic acid synthesis

A

Sulfonamide - sulfamethoxazole
DHFR inhibitor - Trimethoprim

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7
Q

Red man sydrome?

A

Vancomycin
Rifampicin

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8
Q

Grey baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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9
Q

Steven Johnson syndrome

A

SXT

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10
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Linezolid

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11
Q

Bactericidal drugs

A

Not So Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder
N - Nitrofurantoin
S - Streptogramin (except E.faecium)
V - Vancomycin
F - Fluoroquinolones
P - Penicillin
A - Aminoglycosides
C - Cephalosporins
M - Metronidazole

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12
Q

Bact static drugs

A

L’ ECSTaTiC
L - Linezolid
E - Erythromycin
C - Clindamycin
S - Sulfamethoxazole
T - Trimethoprim
T - Tetracycline
C - Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

AB with anaerobic cover?

A

Amox clav
Pip taz
Imipenem or meropenem
Clindamycin
Metronidazole

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14
Q

AB with antibiofilm cover

A

Fluoroquinolones for GN
Rifampicin or other rifamycins for Staph

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15
Q

CYP3A4 inhibitors

A

Ketoconazole
Itraconazole
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Streptogramin

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16
Q

CYP3A4 inducer

A

Rifampicin

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17
Q

CYP3A4 substrates

A

Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Indinavir
Nelfinavir

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18
Q

Drugs to avoid in G6PD deficiency

A

Cotrim
Chloramphenicol
Dapsone
Primaquine
Tafenoquine
Furazolidone
Nitrofurantoin

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19
Q

Antibiotics avoided in pregnancy

A

Tetracyclines, also avoid b. feeding

Aminoglycosides - auditory, vestibular nerve damage, risk greater in 2nd and 3rd trimester

Cotrim - teratogenic risk in 1st trimester

Quinolones - assoc with arthropathy in animal studies

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20
Q

Penicillin anaphylaxis rate?

A

0.004-0.5%

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21
Q

Which penicillin given to pt with EBV causes rash?

A

Ampicillin after 5-9 days of treatment

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22
Q

BLI causing cholestatic jaundice?

A

Clavulanic component

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23
Q

Anti MRSA cephalosporins?

A

Ceftobiprole, Ceftaroline

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24
Q

Organisms inr R to cephalosporins?

A

LAME
L - listeria

A - atypical organisms mycoplasma, chlamydia

M - MRSA

E - enterococcus

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25
Cephalosporins causing biliary sludging?
Ceftriaxone
26
Carbapenem used for OPAT
Ertapenem because of long half life
27
Interaction with valproic acid
Carbapenems reduces seizure threshold
28
Monobactam R to ESBL but not to AMPC
Aztreonam
29
Bacitracin R and S?
Baci R - GAS Baci S - GBS
30
Vanco int R organisms?
Leuconostoc Pediococcus Lactobacillus Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiea
31
Teico int R?
S. haemolyticus
32
Glycopeptide resistant genes?
Van A, B, C, D, E, G
33
Aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas?
Efflux pumps - activation of Mec XY pump
34
Resistance for aminoglycosides?
Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes Acetyltransferases (AACs) Nucleotidyltransferases (ANTs) Phosphotransferases (APHs)
35
only macrolide used for gram negative bacilli?
Azithromycin - Salmonella
36
What confers R to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin?
alterations in 23rRNA by methylation of adenine - MLSb phenotype encoded by erm (erythromycin ribosomal methyalase ) gene
37
Macrolide?+ amiodarone = side effect?
Clarithromycin interacts with amiodarone causing prolonged QT interval
38
Macrolide?+ carbamazepine = side effect?
Clarithromycin interacts with carbamazipine increasing the concentration of carba
39
Daptomycin not given for pulmonary infections, why?
Interacts invitro with pulmonary surfactants resulting in inhibition of antibacterial activity
40
Linezolid heamatological side effect?
Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and pancytopenia - causes easy bruising in patients
41
Chloramphenicol heamatological side effects?
Anemia, leucopenia, Thrombocytopenia
42
What tetracycline + carbamezipine is not used?
Doxycycline and carbamazipine - reduced doxy levels in treatment
43
Prolonged mino therapy side effects?
skin, nail, sclera pigmentation idiopathic intracranial hypertension due to prolonged use (all tetracyclines)
44
which antibiotic causes deposition in growing bones, teeth?
Tetracyclines
45
General side effects of tetracyclines?
Photosensitivity, vertigo, angioedema, black hairy tongue
46
Sulfonamide contraindicated in blood dyscrasias?
Trimethoprim - can lead to disorders of haematopoiesis so regular blood counts needed if prolonged treatment
47
Sulfonamide contraind with methotrexate? causes?
Trimethorpim - causes fatal myelosuppresion because folate antagonists and risk of haematological side effects
48
Which fluoroquinolone interacts with phenytoin? causes?
Ciprofloxacin + phenytoin causes reduced concentration of phenytoin
49
Which fluoroquinolone contraind in risk for prolonged QT?
Moxifloxacin
50
Side effects of polymyxins?
Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity
51
MOA of cefiderocol?
Strongly binds to free iron in the extracellular space
52
Resistance mech of cefiderocol for MBL?
Zinc hydrolysis renders cefiderocol ineffective
53
Antileprotic drugs?
Dapsone Clofazimine Rifampicin
54
MOA of dapsone, S.E, check what deficiency in patient?
Inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid Dapsone syndrome (fever, skin rash +/- lymphadenopathy) Check G6PD deficiency in patient otherwise causes haemolysis
55
MOA of clofazimine, S.E?
Anti inflammatory properties Skin discolouration (reversible), small bowel edema/ subacute obstruction (prolonged use)
56
Rifampicin in leprosy?
Most effective antileprotic, renders patient non infectious within days of starting therapy
57
Systemic inflammatory complications in leprosy treatment?
Can happen before, during, or years after treatment 1. Reversal reactions (type 1 reactions) - rx with aspirin or prednisolone if complicated 2. Erythema nodosum leprosum (type 2 reactions) - rx with aspirin, prednisolone or thalidomide
58
MOA Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol?
Isoniazid - inhibits mycolic acid synthesis Rifampicin - inhibits RNA polymerase Pyrazinamide - creates acidic environment within cytoplasm so inhibits enzymes, disrupts cell membrane function and RNA synthesis Ethambutol - disrupts cell wall synthesis
59
Which Tb drug is good for both intracellular and extracellular bacilli?
Isoniazid and Rifampicin
60
Anti tb drug good vs extracellular fast growing bacilli in neutral to slightly alkaline pH media?
Streptomycin
61
Which anti tb drug effective vs slow growing intracellular bacilli and in acidic pH medium?
Pyrazinamide
62
Mutation in which genes gives R to isoniazid?
inhA (mycolic acid synthesis) katG (catalase peroxidase) oryR - ahpC
63
Which tb drugs interacts with contraceptives?
Rifampicin - tell pts to have back up for contraceptives
64
Anti tb drugs causing arthralgia
Pyrazinamide, ethambutol, isoniazid (HZE)
65
MOA of delaminid and pretomanid?
Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis like isoniazid
66
MOA of bedaquiline?
binds to ATP synthase so inhibits ATP synthesis leading to cell death
67
Anti TB drugs causing reversible hypothyroidism?
Ethionamide Prothionamide Para aminosalicyclic acid (PAS) so monitor TFT when using any of these drugs
68
Anti tb drugs causing prolonged QT interval?
Bedaquiline Delaminid Moxifloxacin Clofazimine (antileprosy drug) when given with bedaquiline
69
Anti tb drug that can induce seizures?
Moxifloxacin
70
Anti tb drug that causes neuro effects and and rash?
Cycloserine
71
Rifampicin can be safely be given along with what all antiretrovirals?
Emtricitabine Enfuvirtide Lamivudine TDF
72
Best anti tb drug for CNS penetration?
Ethionamide Prothionamide Pyrazinamide Cycloserine
73
"good" anti tb drug for CNS penetration?
Quinolones Linezolid
74
"able to"anti tb drug for CNS penetration in absence of meningeal inflammation
Isoniazid Rifampicin
75
"poor" anti tb drug for CNS penetration?
Bedaquiline
76
anti tb drugs DOES NOT penetrate even with inflammation
Ethambutol Streptomycin
77
anti tb drugs used in CNS TB
Pyrazinamide Quinolones Ethionamide or prothiomide Cycloserine or amikacin
78
Asplenia increased risk for what organisms?
Capsulated organisms - HI, SP, NM Capnocytophaga Babesia Bordetella pertussis S. aureus
79
Anti TB drug that interferes with contraceptives?
Rifamycin's (Rifampicin, Rifampin) tell patient to have back up contraceptive method
80
Arthralgia causing anitb drugs?
Isoniazid Pyrazinamide
81
Which Mycobacteria is inherently resistant to Pyrazinamide?
M. bovis - if preliminary AST indicated monoresistance consider this organism
82
Resistant genes mutations for Isoniazid? Rifamycins? Pyrazinamide? Ethambutol?
Isoniazid inhA katG oryR - ahpC Rifamycins rpoB Pyrazinamide pncA (pyrazinamidase) Ethambutol embCAB operon
83
A serum dilution test that measures the effectiveness of a patient's serum in fighting microbes during antibiotic therapy
schlichter test

Antimicrobials (6 decks)

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