Antibiotics Flashcards
Chronic bronchitis common organisms
H. Influenza, moraxella, S. pneumoniae
Chronic bronchitis antibiotics
Amoxicillin/ clarithromycin
Uncomplicated community aquired pneumonia organisms
H.influenza, S.pneumoniae
Uncomplicated community aquired pneumonia antibiotics
Amoxicillin/ doxycycline/ clarithromycin
Staph suspect: flucloxacillin
Pneumonia due to atypical agents organisms
Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma
Pneumonia due to atypical agents antibitoics
Clarithromycin
Hospital aquired pneumonia organisms
Pseudomonas, klebsiella, MRSA
Hospital aquired pneumonia antibiotics
<5d: co-amoxicav, cefuroxime
>5d: piptazo, Ceptazidime, Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin
Urinary tract infections organisms
E.coli (70-95%)
Klebsiella
S.saprophyticus
Proteus
Uncomplicated lower UTI antibiotics
Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Uncomplicated pyelonephritis antibiotcs
Ciprofloxacin
Impetigo organisms
S. Pyogenes, S. Aureus
Cellulitis organisms
S.pyogenes, S.aureus
Impeitgo antibiotics
Tooical fusidic acid, flucloxacillin, erythomycin
Cellulitis antibitoics
Flucoxacillin, clarythomycin, erythromycin, doxycyline
Erysipelas organisms
Group A strep
Erysipelas antibiotics
Flucloxacillin, clarythromycin, erythromycin, doxycycline
Throat infection organism
Mostly S.pyogenes
Throat infection antibiotics
Phenoxymethyl penicillin, erythromycin
Sinusitis organisms
S. Pneumoniae, H.influenza, moraxella, S.Pyogenes
Sinusitis antibiotics
Amoxicillin, erythomycin, doxycycline
Otitis media organisms
S.pneumoniae, H.influenza, Moraxella
Otitis media antibiotics
Amoxicillin, erythromycin
Otitis externa organisms
P.aeruginosa, s.aureus
Otitis externa antibiotics
Flucoxacillin, erythromycin
Gonorrhea antibiotics
IM Ceftriaxone, Oral Azithromycin
Chlamydia antibiotics
Doxycycline, azithromycin
Syphillis antibiotics
Benzathine Benzylpenicillin, Doxycycline, Erythomycin
Bacterial vaginosis antibitoics
Metronidazole, topical clindamycin
PID antibiotics
Oral Ofloxacin + oral metronidazole, or IM Ceftriaxone + Oral Doxycycline + Oral Metronidazole
C. Diff or Clostridium Difficile antibiotics
Metronidazole (if mild and first instance)
Vancomycin
Campylobacter antibiotics
Clarithromycin
Non-thyphoid salmonella
Ciprofloxacin
Bacterial meningitid organisms
S.Pneumoniae, N.meningitidis, H.influenza, MRSA
Bacterial meningitis antibiotics
Ceftriaxone, vancomycin, linezolid, ciprofloxacin, meropenem
Examples of aminoglycosides
Streptamycin, gentamycin,
Aminoglycoside mechanisms
Inhibit protein synthesis (bind 30s Ribosomal subunit)
Aminoglycosides cover
Gram negative + gram positive
Do not work on anaerobes
Side effects of aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
General indications for aminoglycosides
UTI, endocarditis, topical skin infections, pneumonia
Examples of cephalosporins
More brosd spectrum the further you go down
- Cefazolin,
- Cefotetan
- cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefixime (oral)
- Cefepime (with psudomonas cover)
- Ceftaroline
Ceftriaxone should not be given with calcium solutions, as it can cause calcium precipitations in the lungs and the kidneys
Mechanism of cephalosporins
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Side effects of cephalosporins
Hypersensitivity and superinfection
Examples of carbapenems
Doripenem, impenem, meropenem
Carbapenems cover
Gram positve and gram negative
Carbapenems examples
Doripenem, Imipenem, Meropenem
Penicillins examples
Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav / Piptazo
Tetracyclines examples
tetracycline, doxycycline
quinolone examples
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Macrolides examples
Clarithromycin, erythromycin
Sulfonamides examples
Sulfamethoxazole, TMP
examples of glycopeptides
Vancomycin
carbapenems mechanism
inhibit cell wall synthesis
penicillin mechanism
inhibit cell wall synthesis
tetracyclines mechanism
inhibit protein synthesis
quinolones mechanism
inhibit DNA Gyrases
macrolides mechanism
inhibit protein synthesis (50s)
sulfonamides mechanism
inhibit folic acid
glycopeptides mechanism
inhibit cell wall synthesis (binds D-Ala - D-Ala terminal –> Transpeptidase inhibition
carbapenems side effects
GI upset
rash
allergy
seizures in RF
penicillin side effects
hypersensitivity
neurotoxicity / seizures
tetracyclines side effects
GI, Renal and liver (reversible) toxicity
Teeth staining
impaired foetal bone growth
quinolones side effects
cartilage toxicity - archilles heel
peripheral neuropathy
pseudomembranous colitis
macrolides side effects
GI upset hypersensitivity jaundice QT prolongation CYP450 inhibition
sulphonamides side effects
Steven Johnson nephrotoxicity hyperkalaemia neutropenia kernicterus
glycopeptides side effects
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
hypotension + flushing
(Red man syndrome)
carbapenems coverage
gram positive + gram negative
penicillins coverage
gram positive + gram negative
tetracyclines coverage
gram positive + gram negative
not staph/ strep generally
quinolones coverage
gram positive + gram negative
macrocodes coverage
mostly gram negative
sulphonamides coverage
gram positive + gram negative
glycopeptides coverage
gram positive (MRSA)
carbapenems indications
UTI
Meningitis
Sepsis
Bone + Pelvis + Abdo infections
penicillins indications
endocarditis
SSTI
URTI / Pneumonia
Neurosyphillis
tetracyclines indications
Anthrax
C. Tetani
Atypical CAP
quinolones indications
Resp: Atypical pneumonia
UTI
Gastroenteritis
osteomyelitis
macrolides indications
resp/sinus/skin infections
chlamydia
sulfonamides indications
MRSA,
Cystitis due to E.coli
glycopeptides indications
MRSA
Endocarditis
Pseudomembranous colitis due to C.diff