Antibiotics Flashcards
Inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis at the site of chain elongation and inhibit formation of 50s ribosomal subunit.
Inhibit folate synthesis by competitive inhibition of the incorporation of PABA in tetrahydropteroic acid.
Macrolides - Inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis at the site of chain elongation and inhibit formation of 50s ribosomal subunit.
Sulfonamides - Inhibit folate synthesis by competitive inhibition of the incorporation of PABA in tetrahydropteroic acid.
Traverse the outer membrane of G- and bind to PBP3 to inhibit cell wall synthesis
Cyclic cationic polypeptide detergent. Reacts with phospholipids, disrupting cell membrane and causing cytoplasmic leak.
Monobactams - Traverse the outer membrane of G- and bind to PBP3 to inhibit cell wall synthesis
Colistin - Cyclic cationic polypeptide detergent. Reacts with phospholipids, disrupting cell membrane and causing cytoplasmic leak.
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunit at interface with 30s subunit, preventing formation of 70s initiation complex.
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30s ribosomal subunit.
Inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis in eukaryotic parasites by binding to 70s ribosomal subunit.
Oxazinolides (linezolid) - Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomal subunit at interface with 30s subunit, preventing formation of 70s initiation complex.
Tetracyclines - Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to 30s ribosomal subunit.
Inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis in eukaryotic parasites by binding to 70s ribosomal subunit.
Inhibit cell wall synthesis, by binding to PBP and inhibiting transpeptidation of peptidoglycan
Binds to isoleucine tRNA synthetase to prevent isoleucine incorporation in growing protein chains in the bacterial cell wall.
Beta-lactams - Inhibit cell wall synthesis, by binding to PBP and inhibiting transpeptidation of peptidoglycan
Mupirocin - Binds to isoleucine tRNA synthetase to prevent isoleucine incorporation in growing protein chains in the bacterial cell wall.
Mechanism largely unknown – binds to cell membrane of G+ bacteria in calcium-dependent manner.
Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine tail of the muramyl pentapeptide, which inhibits incorporation of murein monomers into the growing peptidoglycan chain.
Lipopeptides (Daptomycin) - Mechanism largely unknown – binds to cell membrane of G+ bacteria in calcium-dependent manner.
Glycopeptides - Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine tail of the muramyl pentapeptide, which inhibits incorporation of murein monomers into the growing peptidoglycan chain.
Reduced derivatives bind to ribosomal proteins and inhibit translation. Also directly damage DNA and inhibit DNA repair.
Bind to beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase to inhibit its action.
Nitrofurans - Reduced derivatives bind to ribosomal proteins and inhibit translation. Also directly damage DNA and inhibit DNA repair.
Rifamycins - Bind to beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase to inhibit its action.
Inhibit protein synthesis by interacting with peptidyl transpeptidase at 50s ribosomal subunit. Also inhibit formation of 50s ribosomal subunit.
Inhibits folate synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), preventing conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.
Lincosamides (clindamicin) - Inhibit protein synthesis by interacting with peptidyl transpeptidase at 50s ribosomal subunit. Also inhibit formation of 50s ribosomal subunit.
Trimethoprim - Inhibits folate synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), preventing conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the A site of the 30s ribosomal subunit, interfering with mRNA translation and translocation.
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50s subunit of 70s ribosome at a site that prevents binding of tRNA.
Aminoglycosides - Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the A site of the 30s ribosomal subunit, interfering with mRNA translation and translocation.
Chloramphenicol - Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50s subunit of 70s ribosome at a site that prevents binding of tRNA.
Inhibits arabinosyl transferase activity.
Enter cells via passive diffusion. Converted into active form by reduction of a nitro group (nitroreductase only able to function in anaerobic environment). Active compound interferes with nucleic acids and proteins causing destabilisation.
Ethambutol - Inhibits arabinosyl transferase activity.
Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole and tinidazole) - Enter cells via passive diffusion. Converted into active form by reduction of a nitro group (nitroreductase only able to function in anaerobic environment). Active compound interferes with nucleic acids and proteins causing destabilisation.
Inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting elongation factor G.
Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase (primary target in G-) and topoisomerase IV (primary target in G+)
Fusidic acid - Inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting elongation factor G.
Quinolones - Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase (primary target in G-) and topoisomerase IV (primary target in G+)
Patient headaches whilst taking an antibiotic. Diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
What is likely culprit?
ciprofloxacin clarithromycin clindamycin co-amoxiclav minocycline
minocycline
tetracyclines all commonly cause this
