Antibiotic takeaways Flashcards
Common, nonlethal side effect of -cillins?
Bleeding.
Considerations with women of childbearing age on birth control when it comes to -cillins?
Decreased efficacy of oral contraceptives.
Consideration before administering a -ceph drug?
Ask for -cillin allergy.
If -cillin allergy, then assess reaction to the medication.
Patient is likely -ceph allergic as well due to the similar chemical structure of -cillins and -cephs.
Common side effect of -ceph?
Diarrhea, which could be C. diff.
What type of abx are -cephs and -cillins in the sense of what they treat?
Broad spectrum.
What lab should you check before giving a -thromycin abx?
AST/ALT
Highly liver toxic
How do -thromycins affect EKGs?
QT prolongation
What is something to keep in mind when a young woman/child is going to recieve a -cycline medication?
Check for pregnancy
This medication is teratogenic and will cause discoloration of infants baby teeth, but will not affect their adult teeth. However, if children who still have their baby teeth recieve this medication, it will dicolor their adult teeth.
What is another avoidance to inform a patient of about -cyclines?
Avoid sun due to skin photosensitivity.
What medications can block -cycline absorption?
Ca and Fe
What is an important consideration after a patient has taken an oral -cycline medication?
Sit up for 30 min, could cause esophagitis.
What is metronidazole (Flagyl) used to treat?
C. diff and STIs
What should you avoid when taking any abx, but especially metronidazole?
Alcohol should not be consumed even up to three days after treatment.
When a person consumes alcohol, the body breaks it down in two steps. First, it breaks alcohol into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is toxic and responsible for the unwanted effects of alcohol.
Next, the body reduces acetaldehyde to acetate. It does this aldehyde dehydrogenase. Flagyl blocks the effects of this enzyme.
As a result, a person on Flagyl cannot fully digest alcohol, and drinking can cause the toxic acetaldehyde to build up in the bloodstream.
Because of this, people who drink alcohol while taking Flagyl may experience a disulfiram-like reaction.
What is a normal side effect of metronidazole?
- Brown urine
- Metallic taste
What is a bad adverse reaction to metronidazole?
Rash = SJS/TEN
These medications are considered highly toxic and are used to treat MRSA and C. diff?
-mycins/micins
What are signs a patient is showing toxicity to -mycin/micins?
- Ears: Vertigo, tinnitus, ataxia
- Kidneys: Increased BUN, increased Cr, decreased urine output
When should the peak/trough level be measures before administration of -mycin/micins?
15-30 min before the next dose is to be given.
In addition to peak/trough levels, what is another site that should be checked within 30 min of -mycins/micins being given?
IV site. Check for redness, swelling, and discomfort.
What is a non deadly reaction associated with vancomycin?
What are its symptoms?
How is it treated?
Red man syndrome:
* Erythema to face, trunk, abdomen, back, and extremities.
* Hypotension
Slow the infusion over an hour
This medication coupled with vancomycin is considered to be highly toxic.
-micins.
How to sulfa drugs affect fetal development?
Stop folic acid synthesis, resulting in neural tube defects.
Therefore pregnant women, if not able to take an alternative abx, should take folic acid supplements while on this abx.
What is a potential side effect of sulfa drugs?
Kidney stones. Watch for crystals (increased urine SG)
What should be monitored if a patient is taking a -floxacin abx?
Tendons, increased risk for tear/rupture.
Pyridium is used to help alleviate UTI pain and turns your urine orange. What should finding(s) should a patient report?
Yellowing of the skin (Jaundice)
Highly liver toxic
What abx should not be taken with food?
- -throMycin
- Tetracycline (-cyclines in general)
- -Floxacins
Move The Food
What abx cause skin photosensitivity?
- -Floxacin
- Tetracycline (-cyclines in general)
- Sulfa
Avoid Fun in The Sun
