Antibiotic Man & Microman Flashcards
name 5 gram negative coliforms
e. coli, klebsiella, proteus, enterobacter, pseudomonas
what antibiotics are used against the foliforms
genta or aztreonam
which antibiotics are extended spectrum beta lactamases resistant to
penicillins, co-amoxiclav, piperacillin-taxobactam, aztreonam
what antibiotics can be used against extended spectrum beta lactamases
temocillin or meropenem
what antibiotics is MRSA resistant to
all beta lactam antibiotics
name the beta-lactam antibiotics
penicillins, piperacillin-taxobactam, cephalosporins, meropenem, carbopenems
what antibiotic affected against all anerobes
metronidazole
what antibiotic group is effective against beta-haemolytic strep
penicillins
what are the common infecting organism in epiglottitis and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
haemophilus influenzae and strep. use IV ceftriaxone
what is the likely infecting organism in tonsillitis
group A strep
what is the likely infecting organism in sinusitis
pneumococcus
what is the likely infecting organism in acute otitis media
pneuomoccous, Hib
what is the empirical antibiotic of choice for supraglottitis
IV ceftriaxone
why is amoxicillin chosen over penicillin orally
better oral absorption
how is community acquired pneumonia categorised
mild (CURB65 <3) or severe (CURB65 3+)
what are the common infecting organism in mild community acquired pneumonia and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
pneumoccocus, h. influenzae
PO amoxicillin, PO doxycycline if allergic
what are the common infecting organism in severe community acquired pneumonia and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
pneumococcus, h. influenzae, coliforms, atypicals
IV co-amoxiclav + PO doxy.
IV levofloxacin if allergic
what are the atypical infecting organisms in community acquired pneumonia
legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia, coxiella, s. aureus
who gets s. aureus pneumoniae
young patient post viral influenza
what investigations are required for community acquired pneumonia
acute serology, convalescent serology, blood culture, throat swab, sputum culture, urine for legionella antigen
what are the likely infecting organisms in a COPD exacerbation and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
pneumococcus, h. influenzae
PO amoxicillin. allergy: PO doxycycline
what are the likely infecting organisms for hospital acquired pneumonias
pneumococcus, h. influenzae, coliforms, legionella
what is the empirical antibiotic of choice for non-severe hospital acquired pneumonia
PO amoxicillin + metronidazole.
allergy: PO co-trimoxazole + metronidazole
what is the empirical antibiotic of choice for severe hospital acquired pneumonia
IV A+G+M.
Allergy: IV co-trimox + metron + genta
Then PO step down to co-trimox + metron
what is the empirical antibiotic of choice for community acquired pneumonia patients in ICU
co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin IV
allergy: IV levofloxacin
what is the likely infecting organism in acute native valve endocarditis and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
s. aureus, IV fluclox
what is the likely infecting organism in subacute / indolent native valve endocarditis and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
s. viridans, enterococci
IV amoxicillin + genta
in acute native valve endocarditis how many blood cultures should be taken and how quickly should antibiotics be given
2 blood cultures, antibiotics in less than 1 hour
in subacute / indolent native valve endocarditis how many blood cultures should be taken and how quickly should antibiotics be given
3 blood cultures over 6 hours, then antibiotics
what is the likely infecting organism in prosthetic valve endocarditis and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
s. epidermidis
IV vancomycin + PO rifampicin + IV genta
what is the empirical antibiotics of choice in suspected MRSA endocarditis
IV vancomycin + PO rifampicin + IV genta
how long should antibiotics be prescribed for endocarditis and what type of antibiotics should be given
IV ABx for 4-6wk
bactericidal
how long should you treat s. aureus bacteraemia for and why
2wk to prevent endocarditis
what antibiotics are used for non-severe and severe c. diff
non-severe PO metronidazole
severe PO vancomycin +- IV metronidazole
what are the likely infecting organisms and what are the empirical antibiotics of choice for peritonitis, biliary tract sepsis and intra-abdominal infection
polymicrobial coliforms, anaerobes, enterococci
IV A+G+M.
Allergy: vanco + genta + metron
Then step down to PO co-trimox + metron
what is a complication of e. coli 0157 and what age groups are affected by it
haemolytic uraemic syndrome
<5 or >65 years
what are the likely infecting organisms in cellulitis and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
s. aureus, group A beta haemolytic strep
IV/PO fluclox
Allergy: doxy
what is the likely infecting organisms in acute and in acute on chronic diabetic foot
acute: s. aureus
acute on chronic: polymicrobial s. aureus, coliforms, anaerobes
what is the empirical antibiotic of choice in mild and severe diabetic foot
mild: fluclox
mild with allergy: doxy
severe: fluclox + metron
severe with allergy: doxy + metron
when to prescribe antibiotic for a COPD exacerbation
only if increased sputum purulence or consolidation on CXR
what is the likely infecting organism in septic arthritis and osteomyelitis and what is the empirical antibiotic of choice
s. aureus
IV bactericidal fluclox 4-6wk
what investigations are required for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
blood culture, joint aspirate/washout, bone sample
what antibiotics are given for open fracture prophylaxis
IV co-amoxiclav
allergy: IV co-trimox + metron
what antibiotics are given for sepsis of unknown source
IV A+G+M
allergy: IV vanco + metron + genta
what antibiotic is safe in type 1 penicillin allergy
aztreonam
what antibiotic prophylaxis is given for total hip replacements
genta + fluclox 24hr only
e. coli 0157 mx
supportive only
