Alcohol Related Physiology

Question 1

what borders hepatocytes

Answer 1

space of disse

Question 2

what embryologic structure is the liver derived from

Answer 2

foregut

Question 3

what is the role of alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 3

metabolises alcohol to acetaldehyde

Question 4

what is the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 4

metabolises acetaldehyde to acetate

Question 5

what is the effect of food on alcohol metabolism

Answer 5

decreases absorption and increases elimination

Question 6

why do men require more units than women to feel the effects of alcohol

Answer 6

increased blood volume and lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 7

why does repeat drinking increase tolerance

Answer 7

effects sensitivities to neurotransmitters in CNS and increases levels of alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 8

what effect does alcohol have on hdl

Answer 8

increases it

Question 9

what short term effect does alcohol have on the heart

Answer 9

negative inotrope

Question 10

what is 1 unit of alcohol

Answer 10

10ml of pure ethanol

Question 11

what constitutes binge drinking in men and women

Answer 11

8 units in men

6 units in women

Question 12

from what age can you drink supervised at home

Answer 12

5 years

Question 13

what are the alcohol recommendations when breastfeeding

Answer 13

less than 2 units a week

Question 14

what is the meyer overton rule

Answer 14

link between anaesthetic potency and lipid solubility

Question 15

can ethanol cross the blood brain barrier

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

is the glutamate neurotransmitter excitatory or inhibitory

Answer 16

excitatory

Question 17

is the gama neurotransmitter excitatory or inhibitory

Answer 17

inhibitory

Question 18

what is the effect of ethanol on glutamate

Answer 18

antagonises

Question 19

what is the effect of ethanol on gama

Answer 19

agonists

Question 20

give two examples of cys-loop receptors

Answer 20

acetylcholine ACh, GABA

Question 21

what are cys loop receptors

Answer 21

pentameric ligand gated ion channels

Question 22

how are cys loop receptors regulated

Answer 22

intracellular domain phosphorylation

Question 23

what is bac

Answer 23

blood alcohol concentration

Question 24

is ggt raised in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 24

acute or chronic

Question 25

is serum osmolarity raised in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 25

acute

Question 26

is serum albumin affected in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 26

acute?

Question 27

is prothrombin time raised in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 27

acute

Question 28

is ALT raised in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 28

chronic

Question 29

is mean cell volume affected in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 29

chronic

Question 30

is blood glucose affected in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 30

acute

Question 31

is triglycerides raised in acute or chronic alcohol excess

Answer 31

chronic

Question 32

what does AST stand for

Answer 32

aspartate aminotransferase

Question 33

what does ALT stand for

Answer 33

alanine aminotransferase

Question 34

where is ALP produced

Answer 34

liver, bile canaliculi, bone, small intestine, kidneys, placenta

Question 35

what is the most likely cause of elevated ALP but no other liver markers

Answer 35

bone pathology

Question 36

what is osmolal gap

Answer 36

diff between measured & calculated osmolarity

Question 37

what does ALT reflect

Answer 37

liver damage not liver funtion

Question 38

what is bilirubin formed from

Answer 38

bilverdin