Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards
What are the two (2) most important goals of HAART?
Decrease HIV load and increase CD4 levels
It inhibits helminth-specific enzyme
Thiabendazole
What is the term used to described fungal infection?
Mycosis
What is Tuberculosis?
It is characterized by granulomas in the lungs from accumulation of inflammatory cells with a cheesy caseated consistency
What is a Multi-Drug Resistant TB?
It is a tuberculosis that demonstrates resistance to two or more drugs
What are the different types of Tuberculosis?
- M. Tuberculosis
- M. leprae
- M. avium-intracellulare
What are the host factors?
- Immune system
- Site of infection
- Age
- Pregnancy
It is used for organisms where resistance is common, to test for sensitivity of the organisms to various antimicrobials
Sensitivity
What is an Empiric Therapy?
It is when a drug selected is known to be the best drug that can kill the MO
What is a Definitive Therapy?
Once the MO is identified in the lab, the antibiotic therapy is tailored by using the most narrow-spectrum, least toxic drug based on C&S results
It is when signs and symptoms do not improve
Subtherapeutic
It occurs when the antibiotics reduce or completely eliminate the normal bacterial flora
Superinfection
What is a narrow spectrum?
It is primarily effective against one type of organism (selective)
What is a broad spectrum?
It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
It is equal to the sum of the effects of two antibiotics
Additive Effect
It occurs when one antibiotic increases the effectiveness of the 2nd drug
Potentiative Effect
It is when two drugs are used together; the desired effect may be greatly reduced
Antagonist Effect
What happens when a bacterium is sensitive to the drug?
The pathogen can be inhibited or destroyed
What happens when a bacterium is resistant to the drug?
The pathogen will continue to grow despite administration
What are the five (5) mechanisms of antibacterial action?
- Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis
- Alteration of membrane permeability
- Inhibition of protein synthesis
- Inhibition of the synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA
- Interference with metabolism within the cell
