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Microbiology > Antibiotic Actions (Specific) > Flashcards

Antibiotic Actions (Specific) Flashcards

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1
Q

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime ceftibuten, cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefixime

(cephalosporin 3)

A
  • great strep, moderate MSSA
  • broad G- (NO pseudo)
  • oral anero
  • H/S, ceftri=biliary sludging
  • ceftri has biliary elimination and long half life/ CA-meningitis, gonorrhea, neuro lyme
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1
Q

ceftazidime

(cephalosporin 3)

A

-

  • broad G- (incl pseudo)
  • oral anero
  • H/S

-

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2
Q

extended spectrum penicillins + B-lactamase inhibitor

A
  • strep, entero, MSSA (penic + MSSA)
  • broad G- (incl. pseudo)
  • broad anero (incl. B fragilis)
  • H/S, diarrhea
  • p+t more potent so more common
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2
Q

fidaxomicin

A

-variable strep, entero, and staph

-

-C diff (similar to vanco)

-

-C diff infection

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3
Q

Penicillins

A

-strep, entero

-

  • syphilis, oral anero
  • H/S
  • only cidal against entro when with aminoglycoside
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4
Q

cefoxitin

(cephalosporin 2)

A
  • strep
  • ceph 2a (E coli, klebs, H influ)
  • oral anero, moderate B fragilis (only ceph with more than oral) !!
  • H/S
  • intra-abdominal and pelvic infection
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4
Q

tigecycline

(glycylcycline)

A
  • broad G+ (incl MRSA + VRE)
  • broad G- (NO pseudo)
  • broad anero (incl fragilis)
  • GI and esophageal ulcers -> take with water and upright, gray teeth in kids, photosensitivity
  • low serum levels so not good for bacteremia
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5
Q

metranidazole

(DNA damaging)

A

-

-

  • great anero (incl fragilis), trich, giardia, H pylori, C diff
  • GI, metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy
  • DoC for moderate C diff, extensively used for anero
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7
Q

cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefprozil

(cephalosporin 2)

A
  • moderate MSSA and strep
  • ceph 1 + H influenzae
  • oral anero
  • H/S
  • otitis media, sinusitis
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8
Q

nitrofurantoin

(DNA damaging)

A
  • broad G+ (incl VRE)
  • good E coli, variable klebs and entero

-

  • GI and pulmonary risks
  • for UTI but not pyelonephritis, very low serum levels
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9
Q

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

(aminoglycosides)

A
  • used in combo for G+
  • broad G- (incl pseudo)

-

  • nephrotoxic, ototoxic
  • almost always in combo with cell wall drug, pharmacokinetic montitoring
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10
Q

polymyxin B, colistin

(polymyxin)

A

-

-broad G- (incl pseudo)

-

  • dose related reversible nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and paresthesias
  • usually as combo, last resort for resistant G-
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11
Q

cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil

(cephalosporin 1)

A
  • great MSSA and strep
  • some E coli and klebs
  • oral anero
  • H/S
  • skin and soft tissue infections, surgical, cefadroxil half life > cephalexin
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13
Q

rifampin

A
  • staph and strep but ONLY AS COMBO THERAPY
  • N meningitidis prophylaxis
  • M tuberculosis
  • orange fluids, hepatotoxicity (elevated bilirubin)
  • many drug interactions/ never as mono therapy/ treat TB, staph endocarditis, prosthetic infection
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14
Q

vancomycin

(glycopeptide)

A

-strep, MRSA, MRSE, entero (NO VRE)

-

  • C diff (PO therapy)
  • Red Man’s with rapid infusion, nephrotoxic, neutropenia, rare H
  • G+ infection (IV therapy), C diff diarrhea (PO)
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15
Q

cefepime

(cephalosporin 4)

A
  • good MSSA and strep
  • broad G- (incl pseudo)
  • oral anero
  • H/S

-

16
Q

daptomycin

(lipopeptide)

A

-broad G+ (incl MSSA, MRSA, MRSE, resistant strep, VRE)

-

-

  • muscle pain+weakness (elevated creatinine), rash
  • NOT effective for pneumonia/ for tough G+ bacteremia
17
Q

Aminopenicillins + B-lactamase inhibitor

A
  • aminos + MSSA
  • aminos + klebsiella, better H influenzae
  • aminos + broad anero (incl. B fragilis)
  • H/S, diarrhea (from B-lactam inhib)

-

18
Q

imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, doripenem

(carbapenem)

A
  • good MSSA, strep, entero faecalis
  • broad G- (incl pseudo)
  • broad anero (incl B fragilis)
  • H/S, imipenem=increased S in renal impaired

-

19
Q

ertapenem

(carbapenem)

A

-

  • broad G- (NO pseudo)
  • broad anero (incl B fragilis)
  • H/S
  • 1/day dosing
20
Q

penicillinase resistant

A

-strep, great MSSA (DoC)

-

-

  • H/S, naf=inter. nephritis, oxa=hepatotoxicity
  • hepatic elimination
21
Q

aztreonam

(monobactam)

A

-

-good G- (incl pseudo)

-

  • H/S
  • safe with penicillin allergies
23
Q

trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole

A
  • good MRSA and MRSE
  • broad G- incl stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NO pseudo)
  • nocardia, pneumocystis j, toxoplasma gondii
  • TMP inhibits creatinine clearance, hyperkalemia, acute tubular necrosis and interstitial nephritis
  • TMP interaction with warfarin (monitor INR), dose by TMP
24
Q

ceftaroline

(cephalosporin 3)

A
  • MRSA, great strep
  • broad G- (NO pseudo)
  • oral anero
  • H/S
  • =ceftriaxone+MRSA
25
Q

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

(quinolones)

A
  • strep=levo/MOXI
  • broad G- (incl pseudo)=cipro/levo
  • chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella, moxi=B fragilis
  • CNS, tendinitis (especially elderly w/ roids), long QT, C diff risk
  • broad use
26
Q

Aminopenicillins

A
  • penic + listeria
  • E coli, proteus, and some H influenza
  • penic + lyme
  • H/S

-

27
Q

clindamycin

(lincosamide)

A

-strep, MRSA -> but not 1st line

-

  • good anero (some B fragilis)
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, C diff risk
  • rarely use because of C diff risk, oral/skin infections for penic allergy, combo for necrotizing fasciitis
28
Q

linezolid

(oxazolidinone)

A

-broad G+ (incl MRSA + VRE)

-

-

  • myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia) with time, serotonin syndrome with MAO-I
  • reserved for resistant G+ infections
29
Q

doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline

(tetracyclines)

A
  • strep pneumo, staph (incl MRSA), entero
  • H influ, N gonorrhea, M catarrhalis, camplyobacter
  • broad anero, atypicals, rickettsials/ lyme
  • GI and esophageal ulcers -> take with water and upright, gray teeth, photosensitivity
  • mostly with COPD and upper respiratory but technically broad applicability
30
Q

azithromycin, clarithromycin

(macrolides)

A
  • strep (incl pneumo), MSSA; NOT 1st LINE
  • H influ, N gonorrhea, M catarrhalis, campylobacter, H pylori
  • legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia, broad anero (NO fragilis), MAC
  • erythromycin for GI kinesis, torsades de points with clarithromycin
  • for atypicals, CA-pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis/ drug interactions with clarithro (CYP3A4)
31
Q

fosfomycin

A
  • staph, strep, entero
  • great E coli and others (NO pseudo)

-

  • well tolerated
  • single dose for acute cystitis in females

Microbiology (4 decks)

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