Antibacterial Agents Flashcards
What type of reactions are most commonly seen with penicillin?
Allergic reactions
Name the penicillin’s
Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Cloxacillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Clavulanic acid
Ampicillin/ amoxicillin fall under what range on the spectrum?
Broad +/-
Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid fall under what range on the spectrum?
Potentiated
What are Cephalosporins?
Close relation to penicillin, 1-4 generations, narrow to broad spectrum depending on the generation
What are the potential toxicities of Tetracylcines?
Discoloration of teeth, esophageal stricture in cats
What are the potential toxicities of Sulfonamides?
Crystalluria
What patients should you not prescribe Aminoglycosides to?
Patients with renal disease - nephrotoxicity
This antibacterial is contraindicated in use for rabbits, hamsters, chinchillas, guinea pigs, horses and ruminants
Lincosamides
This antibacterial is fatal if injected into humans
Macrolides
What are the potential toxicities of fluoroquinolones (Enrofloxacin)
Interfere with cartilage in puppies, retinal damage in cats
Polypeptide antibiotics can only be given ______________
Topically
What antibacterial’s cannot be used in food animals?
Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurans, Nitroimidazole
Nitrofurans are considered to be a human _______________
carcinogen
What is a potential toxicity of Nitroimidazole?
Neurologic toxicity
What is a potential toxicity of Chloramphenicol?
Aplastic anemia - bone marrow toxicity
What are the bactericidal’s?
Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Polypeptides, Nitrofurans, Nitroimidazole
What are the bacteriostatic’s?
Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Lincosamides, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclines fall where in the spectrum?
Broad
Sulfonamides fall where on the spectrum?
Broad
Aminoglycosides fall where on the spectrum?
Narrow gram -
Lincosamides fall where on the spectrum?
Narrow gram +
Macrolides fall where on the spectrum?
Variable
Fluoroquinolones fall where on the spectrum?
Broad
Polypeptides fall where on the spectrum?
Narrow gram - / narrow gram +
Chloramphenicol’s fall where on the spectrum?
Broad
Nitrofurans fall where on the spectrum?
Broad
Nitroimidazole’s fall where on the spectrum?
Narrow
What are the possible toxicities of Doxycycline (tetracycline)?
Esophageal stricture in cats
What are the potential toxicities of Sulfonamides?
KSC - Keratoconjunctivitis in dogs, crystalluria
Polymyxin B has what potential toxicities?
Nephrotoxic, neurotoxic
Bacitracin (Polypeptide) has what potential toxicities?
Nephrotoxic
What is a potential toxicity of Aminoglycosides?
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
