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NRS155 Intro to PHARM > Antiarrhythmic Agents > Flashcards

Antiarrhythmic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are antiarrhythmic agents?

A

Drugs that affect the action potential of cardiac cells and are used to treat arrhythmias and restore normal rate and rhythm

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2
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

HR < 60 bpm

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3
Q

What is a heart block?

A

a block that inhibits the conduction of the electrical signal through the cardiac conduction system

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4
Q

Where can heart blocks happen in the heart?

A

@ the atrioventricular (AV) node, blocking the conduction from the atria into the ventricles

@ the bundle branches within the ventricles, preventing normal conduction of an impulse to the muscle there

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5
Q

What is hemodynamics?

A

the study of the forces moving blood throughout the cardiovascular system

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6
Q

What causes a premature atrial contraction (PAC)?

A

an ectopic focus in the atria that stimulates an atrial response

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7
Q

What causes premature ventricular contraction (PAC)?

A

an ectopic focus in the ventricles that stimulates the cells and causes an early contraction

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8
Q

What does it mean for a drug to be proarrhythmic?

A

the drug tends to cause arrhythmias

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9
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

HR > 100bpm

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10
Q

Go through the 5 phases of the cardiac muscle cell

A

PHASE 0: Na2+ moves into the cell and causes rapid positive charge

PHASE 1: K+ move out of the cells causing the cell charge to become more negative

PHASE 2: Ca2+ moves into the cells and maintain the charge of the cell

PHASE 3: K+ moves out of the cell rapidly causing the cell to repolarize back to a negative charge

PHASE 4: The cell is back at rest, ready to go again

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11
Q

What are 5 things that can cause arrhythmias?

A

Electrolyte disturbances that alter the action potential

Decreases in O2 delivered to the cells

Structural damage (i.e. MI, cardiomyopathy) changing the conduction pathway through the heart

Acidosis or accumulation of waste products altering the action potential

Drugs that alter the action potential or cardiac conduction

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12
Q

What is an atrial flutter and what can it cause if untreated?

A

rapid atrial contraction while the ventricles remain normal

Can cause a serious stroke

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13
Q

What is the MOA of Class I Antiarrhythmics?

A

Block the Na2+ channels in the cell membrane during an action potential (phase 0)

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Class II Antiarrhythmics?

A

Block beta-receptors, causing a depression of phase 4 of the action potential

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Class III Antiarrhythmics?

A

Block K channels, prolong phase 3 of the action potential

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Class IV Antiarrhythmics?

A

Block calcium channels in the cell membrane (phase 2)

17
Q

Before administering an antiarrhythmic to a child, we should consider what surgery?

A

Ablation procedures

18
Q

Which antiarrhythmic is approved for use with children?

A

Digoxin

19
Q

What are the nursing considerations for children taking an antiarrhythmic?

A

Monitor closely - more likely to experience ADEs

Dosages should be calculated by age and weight

20
Q

In what situations do we use or not use an antiarrhythmic in adults?

A

The patient is likely experiencing a severe cardiac situation

Monitor frequently

AVOID USE in PG and lactation

21
Q

Which age group are antiarrhythmics frequently prescribed for?

A

Older Adults

22
Q

When administering antiarrhythmics to an older adult, what should the nurse remember?

A

Older adults are more likely to experience ADEs

Start at a lower dose

23
Q

Double Quarter Pounder…

w/ Lettuce, Mayo, and Tomato…

and More Fries Please!

Picture of the McDonald’s M with salt shakers helps us remember WHAT about these drugs?

A

CLASS 1A
Disophyramide
Quinidine
Procainamide

CLASS 1B
Lidocaine
Mexiletine
Tocainide

CLASS 1C
Moricizine
Flecainide
Propefanone

CLASS I Na2+ CHANNEL BLOCKERS

24
Q

SAD banana

A

Sotalol
Amiodarone
Dofelitide

CLASS III K CHANNEL BLOCKERS

25
Q

Very Dairy

A

Verapamil
Diltiazem

CLASS IV Ca2+ CHANNEL BLOCKERS

26
Q

What is the MOA of Adenosine?

A

Completely stops the heart

27
Q

Why do we use adenosine?

A

To convert a supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm when vagal maneuvers have been ineffective

28
Q

What nursing considerations do we need to know for administering adenosine?

A

Have the crash cart ready just in case the heart doesn’t start again

If the pt is awake and alert, warm him/her that it will be incredibly painful

29
Q

What is the MOA of Digoxin?

A

Slows Ca2+ from leaving the cell, prolonging the action potential and slowing conduction and HR

30
Q

Why do we use Dronedarone?

A

To reduce the risk of hospitalization in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF or flutter who have risk factors for CVD and are in sinus rhythm or scheduled to be converted to sinus rhythm

NRS155 Intro to PHARM (14 decks)

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