Adrenocortical Agents Flashcards
What is the adrenal cortex?
the outer layer of the adrenal gland
produces glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation
also responds to sympathetic stimulation (EPI)
What is the adrenal medulla?
the inner layer of the adrenal gland
a sympathetic ganglion, it releases norepinephrine and epinephrine into circulation in response to sympathetic stimulation
What are corticosteroids?
steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
include androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids
What is the diurnal rhythm?
response of the hypothalamus and then the pituitary and adrenals to wakefulness and sleeping
normally, the hypothalamus begins secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the evening, peaking at about midnight
adrenocortical peak response is between 6 and 9 am
levels fall during the day until evening, when the low level is picked up by the hypothalamus and CRF secretion begins again
What are glucocorticoids and what do they do?
steroid hormones released from the adrenal cortex
they increase blood glucose levels, fat deposits, and protein breakdown for energy
What are mineralocorticoids and what do they cause?
steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex
they cause sodium and water retention and potassium excretion
Do we use adrenal agents for short or long-term relief of inflammation during acute illness?
Short-term use
Do adrenal agents cure inflammatory disorders?
NO
Why do we normally use adrenal agents as a group?
To suppress the immune system
What is cushing disease?
The presence/production of too much of the adrenal hormones.
What are the s/sx of Cushing disease?
moon-like face central obesity HTN protein breakdown osteoporosis hirsutism
What is Addison Disease?
The lack of enough of the adrenal hormones
What are the s/sx of Addison Disease?
confusion hypOtension CV collapse fatigue limited ability to respond to infection
How do we determine the dose of adrenocortical agents when giving to children?
Dose is determined by severity of condition NOT age or wt
What should we monitor in children taking adrenocortical agents and when should we halt use?
Monitor growth and development
Halt if severe growth retardation occurs
