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BMS242 PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY > ANTI INFLAMMATORIES 2 > Flashcards

ANTI INFLAMMATORIES 2 Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

A

JOINT PAIN AND INFLAMMATION, AUTO IMMUNE IN NATURE THAT CAN OCCUR ON ONE SIDE OF THE BODY

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

A

SWELLING JOINTS, PAIN, STIFFNESS IN THE MORNING AND POOR SLEEP

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3
Q

WHAT SMALL MOLECULE DRUGS ARE AVAILABLE TO TREAT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

A

DMARDS

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4
Q

WHAT ARE DMARDS

A

DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI RHEUMATIC DRUGS

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5
Q

WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A DMARD

A

METHOTREXATE

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6
Q

WHAT DOES METHOTREXATE DO

A

ANTAGONIST OF FOLIC ACID, REPRESSES CYTOTOXIC AND IMMUNE CELLS
IT INHIBITS TH1 CELLS
USE IN LOW DOSES

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7
Q

WHAT DO TH1 CELLS DO

A

ACTIVATED TH1 CELLS ACTIVATE MACROPHAGES, OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS
THE MACROPHAGES STIMULATE IL1 AND TNF ALPHA THAT ARE PRO INFLAMMATORIES
THE OSTEOCYTES STIMULATE ENZYMES
BOTH RESULT IN JOINT DAMAGE

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8
Q

HOW DO DMARDS WORK

A

THIER ACTION IS NOT UNDERSTOOD BUT THEY ARE A GROUP OF DRUGS THAT HAVE DIFFERENT ACTIONS ON DIFFERENT TARGETS

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9
Q

WHAT ARE HIGH DOSES OF METHOTREXATE USED FOR

A

CANCER TREATMENT

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10
Q

WHAT OTHER DMARDS ARE THERE AND HOW DO THEY WORK

A

SULFASALAZINE - MAY BE A FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER

GOLD COMPOUNDS - INHIBITS INDUCTION OF IL1 TNF ALPHA

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11
Q

WHAT IS THE ACTION OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL DMARDS

A

CAN SPECIFICALLY TARGET PRO INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES

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12
Q

GIVE AN EXAPLE OF A BIO DMARD

A

ADILIMUMAB (HUMIRA) NEUTRALISES TNF

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13
Q

WHAT IS THE ACTION OF CYCLOSPORIN AS A SMALL MOLECULE DMARD

A

CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR TO STOP ACTIVATION OF NK KAPPA THAT PROMOTES TRANSCRIPTION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (IL2)

Cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant often used to treat organ transplant rejection, binds to cyclophilin, a cytosolic immunophilin protein. The cyclosporin-immunophilin complex then binds to calcineurin, a calcium-activated phosphatase, causing the dephosphorylation of NF-κB.

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14
Q

HOW MANY ASTHMA SUFFERERS ARE IN THE UK

A

5.4 MILLION

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15
Q

WHAT ARE COMMON DRUGS TO TREAT ASTHMA

A 
SALBUTAMOL
BRONCHODILATORS
B2 ADRENORECEPTOR AGONISTS
PREDNISOLONE
OMALIZUMAB
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16
Q

WHY DO SOME ASTHMA SUFFERERS GET PRESCRIBED OTHER DRUGS

A

POLYMORPHISMS IN THE RECEPTORS MEANS EFFECTIVENESS VARIES

17
Q

WHAT TYPE OF DRUG IS PREDNISOLONE

A

GLUCOCORTICOID

18
Q

WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF ASTHMA

A

EARLY PHASE - BRONCHOSPARM

LATE PHASE - INFLAMMATION

19
Q

WHAT OCCURS IN EARLY PHASE ASTHMA

A

THE ‘ATTACK’ ITSELF IE CLOSING OF AIRWAYS

RELEASE OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES

20
Q

WHAT OCCURS IN LATE PHASE ASTHMA

A

ACTION OF THE CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES OF THE EARLY PHASE
IMMUNE RESPONSE PERMANENTLY DAMAGES CELLS
IMMUNE CELLS RESIDE PERMANENTLY
DAMAGE TO EPITHELIA
INCREASED MUCOUS
DECREASE LUNG CAPACITY

21
Q

WHAT TYPES OF ALLERGEN SOURCES ARE THERE

A

INHALED
INJECTED
INGESTED
CONTACTED

22
Q

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF ALLERGIES

A

IMMUNOGLOBULIN E MEDIATED HYPERSENSITIVITY

23
Q

WHY DO ALLERGIES USUALLY ARISE

A

DUE TO EXPOSURE AND COMPROMISE OF CELLS TO DEVELOP ANTIBODIES

24
Q

MAST CELLS ARE AT EVERY …………………. OF THE BODY, THESE CONTAIN …………… RECEPTORS
MAST CELLS …………………… TO RELEASE ………………AND TNF ALPHA AND PROSTAGLANDINS TO RECRUIT OTHER INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS.

A

INTERFACE
IG-E
DEGRANULATE
HISTAMINE

25
Q

WHAT IS OCCURING BETWEEN EARLY AND LATE PHASE

A

TRANSCRIPTION FOR PRO INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES

26
Q

ASTHMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH OCERACTIVITY OF

A

TH2 CELLS

27
Q

TH2 IS AN ACTIVATOR OF

A

B CELLS THAT CREATE IG-E ANTIBODIES AND EISINOPHILS.

28
Q

GLUCOCORTICOIDS ACT TO

A

INHIBIT TRANSCRIPTION OF THE CELLS ACTIVIATED BY TH2

29
Q

WHAT CAN CHRONIC STEROID USE LEAD TO

A

INCREASED FAT STORAGE
MUSCLE WASTING
OSTEOPOROSIS
INCREASED BRUISING

30
Q

CYCLOSPORIN IS A TYPE OF WHAT AND WHAT DOES IT INHIBIT

A

IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT
INHIBITS THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

Cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant often used to treat organ transplant rejection, binds to cyclophilin, a cytosolic immunophilin protein. The cyclosporin-immunophilin complex then binds to calcineurin, a calcium-activated phosphatase, causing the dephosphorylation of NF-κB.

31
Q

WHICH PROSTAGLANDIN MAY PLAY A ROLE IN ASTHMA AND HAS MANY DRUGS BEING DEVELOPED WITH THIS IN MIND

A

D2

BMS242 PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY (13 decks)

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