Anti-infectives (Various) Flashcards
Amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin
Anti -infectives, Aminoglycosides
purpose: tx of sever systemic infections of CNS, resp system, GI tract, urinary tract, bone, skin & soft tissues
SE: use during preg can result in bilateral congenital deafness, otottoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, allergic rx: fever, rash, difficulty breathing, rash, vertigo, tinnitus
Nurs con: -IV over 30 min to 1 hour, IM deep slow injection, Never subcut
- careful monitoring of blood levels
- check peak - 2 hrs after med given
- check trough- at time of dose/prior to med
- monitor for signs of superinfection (diarrhea, URI, coated tongue)
- immediately report hearing or balance problems
- encourage fluids to 8-10 glasses per day
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Anti-infectives, Aminopenicillin inhibitors
purpose: tx of lower resp infections, sinus & skin infections, otitis media, pneumonia & impetigo
SE: headache, agitation, Insomnia, N, V, D, increased liver enzymes, oliguria, vaginitis, bone marrow suppression, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, resp distress
Nurs con: -shake suspension before admin each dose
- can be mixed with drinks
- give with meal to increase absorption & reduce GI effects
- give at equal intervals around clock to maintain blood levels
- nephrotoxic with high doses
Amphotercin B
anti-infectives, antifungals
purpose: tx of invasive fungal infections
SE: blood, kidney, heart, liver abnormalities, GI upset, hypokalemia, skin irritation & thrombosis if IV infiltrates, Rash, fever, chills, malaise, hypotension, headache, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Nurs con: -do not mix with other drugs
- monitor VS, report fever or change in function, especially nervous system
- meticulous care & observation of injection site
- potential benefits must be balance against serious side effects
Fluconazole
anti-infectives, antifungal
purpose: tx of vaginal, esophageal & systemic candidiasis and of cryptococcal meningitis
SE: N, headache, abd pain, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity
Nurs con: -prothrombin time is increased after warfarin usage
- take missed dose as soon as noticed, but do not double dose
- monitor glucose levels especially in diabetes
Hydroxychloroquine
Anti-infectives, antimalarials
purpose: mngmnt of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, & malaria
SE: eye disturbances, N, V, anorexia, photosensitivity, dizziness, headache, hypotension, skin changes, ototoxicity
Nurs con: -peak 1-2 hours
- take at same time each day to maintain blood levels
- give with meats to decrease GI distress
- for malaria, prophylaxis should be started 2 weeks before exposure & continue for 4-6 weeks after leaving exposure area
Quinine sulfate
anti-infectives, antimalarials
purpose: tx of malaria
SE: eye disturbances, N, V, anorexia, tachycardia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia, tinnitus
nurs con: peak 1-3 hours
- take at the same time each day to maintain blood level
- may increase digoxin levels
- do not crush
- OTC, Rx
Metronidazole
anti-infectives, antiprotozoals
purpose: tx of a wide variety of infections including trichomoniasis, giardiasis & bacterial vaginosis
SE: Headache, dizziness, N, V, D, abd cramps, metallic taste, darkened urine, depression, blurred vision, neurotoxicity
Nurs con: -Iv immediate onset, PO; peak 1-2 hours
- tx of both partners is necessary in trichomoniasis
- do not drink alcohol or preparations containing alcohol during & 48 hrs after use: disulfiram-like reaction can occur
Isoniazde
anti-infectives, antituberculars
purpose: tx & prevention of tuberculosis
SE: peripheral neuropathy, liver damage, N, V,
Nurs con: -PO/IM: onset rapid, peak 1-2 hrs, duration up to 24 hours
- contact provider if signs of hepatitis, yellow eyes & skin, N, V, anorexia, dark urine, unusual tiredness or weakness
- contact provider if signs of peripheral neuropathy, numbness, tingling or weakness
- monitor liver tests
- do not skip or double doses
