Anti-infectives Flashcards
Sulfonamides - Name/Classification/Action
**Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim) bacteriostatic antibiotics. They inhibit the growth of susceptible bacteria by preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid.
Sulfonamides - Treatments
UTI, otitis media, chronic bronchitis, Pneumocystitic
Sulfonamides - Contraindications
Sulfa allergy (not same as sulfite allergy) Avoid sunlight Non-pregnant >2monthsage
Sulfonamides - Drug Interactions
Sulfonylurea, antidiabetic medications.
Sulfonamides - Adverse Effects
n/v, diarrhea, agranulocytosis, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, skin (SJS, necrolysis)
Sulfonamides - Patient Education
-Avoid sunlight, Lots of fluids to avoid nephrotoxicity
Penicillins - Names, Classification, Action
Amoxicillin/Ampicillin, Nafcillin, **Pipercillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)
Penicillins are bactericidal antibiotics, meaning they kill a wide variety of gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria.
The mechanism of action of penicillins involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Penicillins - Treatments
Staphylococcus, enterococcus, streptococcus (hospital acquired infections—pneumonia, intraabdominal, sepsis
Penicillins - Contraindications
Allergy to penicillin! Watch cross-sensitivities to all beta lactams. Watch trade names (Zosyn, augmentin)
Penicillins - Drug Interactions
Oral contraceptives–??decrease efficacy
Penicillins - Adverse Effects
Urticarial, pruritis, angioedema Skin (SJS, etc)
Penicillins - Patient Education
General: rash, diarrhea Avoid taking w/ acid fluids
Cephalosporin 1st Gen - Name/Classification/Action
Cefazolin/Ancef IV; Cephalexin/Keflex PO semisynthetic antibiotics…structurally and pharmacologically related to the penicillins. cephalosporins are bactericidal and work by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Cephalosporin 1st Gen - Treatments
Surgical prophylaxis/staph infections
Cephalosporin 2nd Gen - Name/Classification/Action
Cefoxitin/ IV; Cefuroxime/Ceftin PO Cephalosporins can destroy a broad spectrum of bacteria, and this ability is directly related to the chemical changes that have been made to their basic cephalosporin structure.
Cephalosporin 2nd Gen - Treatments
prophylactic abd. surgery
Cephalosporin 3rd Gen - Name/Classification/Action
Ceftriaxone/Rocephin IV/No PO
most potent of the first three gens of cephalosporins in fighting gram-neg bacteria, but generally have less activity than first- and second-gen drugs against gram-pos organisms
Cephalosporin 3rd Gen - Treatments
crosses blood brain barrier, once a day, MOST infections!
Cephalosporin 4th Gen - Name/Classification/Action
Cefepime/Maxipime IV
Cefepime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin…it has increased activity against many Enterobacter spp. (gram-negative) as well as gram-positive organisms.
Cephalosporin 4th Gen - Treatments
enterobacter, UTIs, skin pnx
Cephalosporin 5th Gen - Name/Classification/Action
Ceftobiprole IV
It has a broader spectrum of activity than the current cephalosporins. It is effective against a wide variety of organisms, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
Cephalosporin 5th Gen - Treatments
MRSA, pseudomonas
Cephalosporin All Gen - Contraindications
Cross sensitivity w/ penicillins. But not contraindicated.
Cephalosporin All Gen - Drug Interactions
Oral contraceptives = decrease efficacy No alcohol ingestions = accumulate acetaldehyde metabolite No antacids/iron = decrease absorption
Cephalosporin All Gen - Adverse Effects
Same as PCN
Cephalosporin All Gen - Patient Education
General: rash, diarrhea, skin, SJS