Anti-hypertensive medications Flashcards
Hydrochlorothiazide (diuretic)
- Mechanism to lower BP?
Inhibits kidney’s ability to reabsorb Na+
This induces natriuresis (sodium loss) and water lost, reducing blood volume, cardiac output, and lowering blood pressure
Propanolol (non-selective beta blocker)
- Mechanism to lower BP?
Blocks action of Epi and Nor-Epi at both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors.
Decreases heart rate, cardiac output, and therefore blood pressure
(β1 - Heart, β2 - Lungs)
Propanolol (non-selective beta blocker)
- Why is this medication not given to asthma or type 1 diabetes patients?
Can lead to difficulty breathing with shortness of breath
Metoprolol (β1 blocker)
- Mechanism to lower BP?
Decreases heart rate, cardiac output, and therefore blood pressure
Blocks Epi and Nor-Epi at β1 (heart) - “cardio-selective” β-blocker
Metoprolol (β1 blocker)
- Why is there a risk of sudden death for someone who suddenly quits taking the drug?
Risk of “rebound tachycardia”
- Sudden sensitivity to Epi and NE can cause a large increase in heart rate
Lisinopril (ACE inhibitor)
- Mechanism to lower BP?
ACE - angiontensin converting enzyme
- Converts angiontensin I to angiotensin II
Inhibits the effects of Angiotensin II:
- Vasoconstrictor
- Increases aldosterone secretion (from adrenal cortex)
- Decreases sodium reabsorption
Lisinopril (ACE inhibitor)
- Mechanisms of hyponatremia and a dry, irritating cough?
Hyponatremia - deficiency of sodium in blood (via suppression of Anti-diuretic hormone, which normally will increase sodium re-uptake)
Dry cough - ACE normally breaks down substances in the lungs. With Lisinopril, ACE is inhibited, and these substances may build up in the lungs, causing coughing
Candesartan (Angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB)
- Mechanism to lower BP?
Blocks angiotensin II receptor
Refer to RAA pathway lecture & chart
Aliskiren (Direct renin inhibitor)
- Mechanism to lower BP?
Blocks renin secretion
Know RAA pathway lecture & chart
Diltiazem (Calcium channel blocker) - Non-DHP
- Mechanism to lower BP?
Relaxes the smooth muscle in the arterial wall, decreasing TPR and therefore blood pressure
Smooth muscle needs calcium in order to contract.
Diltiazem (Calcium channel blocker) - Non-DHP
- Mechanism of headaches, facial flushing, and constipation
I’m not sure actually - if you know the answer, let me know
Amlodipine (Long acting calcium channel blocker) - DHP
- Mechanism to lower BP?
Unique in that it specifically targets arteries (not the heart)
Relaxes the smooth muscle in the arterial wall, decreasing TPR and therefore blood pressure
