3A - Gross Anatomy/Histo of Vessels (second half)

Question 1

What can induce a change in the radius of an artery or arteriole?

Answer 1

1. Autonomic nervous system
2. Circulating hormones (angiotensin II, vasopressin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, etc)
3. Local vasoactive substances
4. Other, such as Temperature

Question 2

What blood vessel has the greatest total cross-sectional and surface area?

Answer 2

Capillaries

Question 3

What determines the perfusion of capillaries?

Answer 3

The activity of the arterioles

Question 4

What do capillaries consist of (structurally)?

Answer 4

A single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basal lamina - they are very thin walled

Question 5

Do all endothelial cells have fenestrations?

Answer 5

Some do have fenestrations between them or they may be continuous (they are continuous at the blood brain barrier)

Question 6

Capillaries serve what function between tissues and blood?

Answer 6

Sites of exchange of nutrients and waste

Question 7

What is the true definition for venules and veins?

Answer 7

They carry blood towards the heart

Question 8

What vessels carry the highest proportion of blood in the cardiovascular system at any given time?

Answer 8

Venules and veins

Question 9

Do venules and veins operate at a higher or lower pressure compared to arteries?

Answer 9

Much lower pressure in comparison

Question 10

Do venules and veins have thicker or thinner walls compared to arteries?

Answer 10

Thinner walls

Question 11

Venules and veins have thinner walls in comparison to arteries - what layer of the tunica in particular is thinner?

Answer 11

The tunica media

Question 12

Venules may have the presence of ______ within their endothelium.

Answer 12

Venous valves

Question 13

What is the largest vein in the body?

Answer 13

Inf. Vena Cava

Question 14

At the junction of which veins does the inferior vena cava begin?

Answer 14

The common iliac veins

Question 15

What does the inferior vena cava travel superiorly alongside?

Answer 15

The abdominal aorta

Question 16

At the junction of which two veins does the superior vena cava form from?

Answer 16

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

Question 17

What are the three arteries that form from the aortic arch?

Answer 17

1. Brachiocephalic trunk
2. Left common carotid
3. Left subclavian

Question 18

What are the five artery segments of the left subclavian artery?

Answer 18

1. Subclavian
2. Axillary
3. Brachial
4. Radial
5. Ulnar

Question 19

Which eight arteries do we need to know from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 19

1. Celiac trunk
2. Common hepatic artery
3. Splenic artery
4. Left gastric artery
5. Left renal artery
6. Right renal artery
7. Superior mesenteric artery
8. Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 20

What are the four pelvic artery pairs that we need to know?

Answer 20

1. Left/right common iliac artery
2. Left/right internal iliac artery
3. Left/right External iliac artery
4. Left/right femoral artery

Question 21

What veins form the hepatic portal system?

Answer 21

1. Portal hepatic vein
2. Splenic vein
3. Superior mesenteric vein
4. Inferior mesenteric vein