3A - Gross Anatomy/Histo of Vessels (second half) Flashcards
What can induce a change in the radius of an artery or arteriole?
- Autonomic nervous system
- Circulating hormones (angiotensin II, vasopressin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, etc)
- Local vasoactive substances
- Other, such as Temperature
What blood vessel has the greatest total cross-sectional and surface area?
Capillaries
What determines the perfusion of capillaries?
The activity of the arterioles
What do capillaries consist of (structurally)?
A single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basal lamina - they are very thin walled
Do all endothelial cells have fenestrations?
Some do have fenestrations between them or they may be continuous (they are continuous at the blood brain barrier)
Capillaries serve what function between tissues and blood?
Sites of exchange of nutrients and waste
What is the true definition for venules and veins?
They carry blood towards the heart
What vessels carry the highest proportion of blood in the cardiovascular system at any given time?
Venules and veins
Do venules and veins operate at a higher or lower pressure compared to arteries?
Much lower pressure in comparison
Do venules and veins have thicker or thinner walls compared to arteries?
Thinner walls
Venules and veins have thinner walls in comparison to arteries - what layer of the tunica in particular is thinner?
The tunica media
Venules may have the presence of ______ within their endothelium.
Venous valves
What is the largest vein in the body?
Inf. Vena Cava
At the junction of which veins does the inferior vena cava begin?
The common iliac veins
What does the inferior vena cava travel superiorly alongside?
The abdominal aorta
At the junction of which two veins does the superior vena cava form from?
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
What are the three arteries that form from the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common carotid
- Left subclavian
What are the five artery segments of the left subclavian artery?
- Subclavian
- Axillary
- Brachial
- Radial
- Ulnar
Which eight arteries do we need to know from the abdominal aorta?
- Celiac trunk
- Common hepatic artery
- Splenic artery
- Left gastric artery
- Left renal artery
- Right renal artery
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Inferior mesenteric artery
What are the four pelvic artery pairs that we need to know?
- Left/right common iliac artery
- Left/right internal iliac artery
- Left/right External iliac artery
- Left/right femoral artery
What veins form the hepatic portal system?
- Portal hepatic vein
- Splenic vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
- Inferior mesenteric vein
