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Cardio Drugs > Anti- Hypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Anti- Hypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 classes of Anti-Hypertensive drugs

A

Diuretics, Beta-blockers, Ca2+ Channel Antagonists and Vasodilators

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2
Q

Name the two types of Diuretics and their relative strength

A

Thiazide - Mild

Loop - Strong

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3
Q

Name the two types of Beta Blockers and the difference between them

A

Cardioselective - Only block B1 receptors

Non -selective - Block B1 and B2 receptors

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4
Q

Name the two types of Ca2+ Channel Antagonists

A

Dihydropyridines

Rate-Limiting calcium antagonists

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5
Q

Name the 3 types of Vasodilators

A

Alpha-Blockers a1 adrenoreceptor antagonists
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers

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6
Q

Give an example of a Thiazide diuretic

A

Bendrofluazide

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7
Q

Give an example of a Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

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8
Q

Give an example of a Cardioselective beta blocker

A

Atenolol

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9
Q

Give an example of a Non-selective beta blocker

A

Propanolol

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10
Q

Give an example of a Dihydropyridine Ca2+ Channel antagonist

A

Amlodipine

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11
Q

Give examples of Rate limiting calcium antagonists (Ca2+ channel antagonists)

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

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12
Q

Give examples of Alpha Blocker vasodilators

A

Prazosin

Doxazosin

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13
Q

Give an example of an ACE inhibitor vasodilator

A

Lisinopril

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14
Q

Give an example of an Angiotensin receptor blocker vasodilator

A

Losartan

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of diuretics

A

Promote Na+ and water excretion from the kidneys by inhibiting reabsorption in the loop of Henle or distal tubule

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of cardioselective beta blockers

A

Only block β1 receptors – β1 adrenoceptors stimulate Gs - ↑ cAMP, ↑PKa - ↑CICR VIA RyR2, ↑Contractility

17
Q

What is the mechanism of non-selective beta blockers

A

Block β1 & β2 receptors – β2 adrenoceptors cause vasodilation of the coronary arteries and ↑ HR

18
Q

What is the mechanism of Ca2+ Channel Antagonists

A

α1-adrenoceptors stimulate L – type Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, causing ↑ muscle contraction. ↓ Ca2+ entry ↓ TPR and MABP. Coronary vasodilation v. useful for angina and hypertension

19
Q

What is the mechanism of Alpha Blocker vasodilators

A

Block vascular α1-adrenoceptors - ↓ TPR and MABP

20
Q

What is the mechanism of Ace inhibitors

A

Block the conversion of angiotensin I – angiotensin II

21
Q

What is the mechanism of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

A

AT1 receptor antagonist – competitively blocks the agonist action of angiotensin II at AT1 receptors – Venous dilatation (↓ preload) and arteriolar dilatation (↓ afterload and ↓TPR), ↓ MABP

22
Q

What are the conditions that Thiazide diuretics can be used for

A

Hypertension

23
Q

What are the conditions that Loop diuretics can be used for

A

Heart Failure

Hypertension

24
Q

What are the conditions that Cardioselective β Blockers can be used for

A

Angina
Hypertension
Heart Failure

25
Q

What are the conditions that Non-Selective β Blockers can be used for

A

Thyrotoxicosis

26
Q

What are the conditions that Ca2+ Channel Antagonists can be used for

A

Hypertension
Angina
Supraventricular Arrhythmias (RLCA’s)

27
Q

What are the conditions that Vasodilators can be used for

A

Hypertension

28
Q

What are the side effects of Thiazide diuretics

A

Hypokalaemia – Tiredness

Arrhythmias

29
Q

What are the side effects of Loop diuretics

A

Hyperglycaemia – Diabetes
↑ Uric Acid – Gout
Impotence

30
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers

A 
Tiredness
Cold Peripheries
Can cause Heart failure in the long term
Bradycardia
Fatigue – CO (β1) and skeletal muscle perfusion (β2) in exercise are regulated by adrenoceptors
31
Q

What are the side effects of Ca2+ channel antagonists

A

Ankle oedema
Hypotension
Dizziness
Amlopidine better as less unwanted effects on cardiac muscle

32
Q

What are the side effects of Alpha Blocker vasodilators

A

Postural Hypotension

33
Q

What are the side effects of ACE Inhibitor vasodilators

A

Dry Cough

Hypotension – esp. when patient on diuretics

34
Q

What kinds of patients shouldn’t be given non-selective beta blockers

A

Patients with asthma

35
Q

What kind of patients shouldn’t be given Ca2+ channel antagonists

A

Patients already on beta blockers

Cardio Drugs (7 decks)

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