Anti- Hypertensive Drugs

Question 1

Name the 4 classes of Anti-Hypertensive drugs

Answer 1

Diuretics, Beta-blockers, Ca2+ Channel Antagonists and Vasodilators

Question 2

Name the two types of Diuretics and their relative strength

Answer 2

Thiazide - Mild

Loop - Strong

Question 3

Name the two types of Beta Blockers and the difference between them

Answer 3

Cardioselective - Only block B1 receptors

Non -selective - Block B1 and B2 receptors

Question 4

Name the two types of Ca2+ Channel Antagonists

Answer 4

Dihydropyridines

Rate-Limiting calcium antagonists

Question 5

Name the 3 types of Vasodilators

Answer 5

Alpha-Blockers a1 adrenoreceptor antagonists
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers

Question 6

Give an example of a Thiazide diuretic

Answer 6

Bendrofluazide

Question 7

Give an example of a Loop diuretic

Answer 7

Furosemide

Question 8

Give an example of a Cardioselective beta blocker

Answer 8

Atenolol

Question 9

Give an example of a Non-selective beta blocker

Answer 9

Propanolol

Question 10

Give an example of a Dihydropyridine Ca2+ Channel antagonist

Answer 10

Amlodipine

Question 11

Give examples of Rate limiting calcium antagonists (Ca2+ channel antagonists)

Answer 11

Verapamil

Diltiazem

Question 12

Give examples of Alpha Blocker vasodilators

Answer 12

Prazosin

Doxazosin

Question 13

Give an example of an ACE inhibitor vasodilator

Answer 13

Lisinopril

Question 14

Give an example of an Angiotensin receptor blocker vasodilator

Answer 14

Losartan

Question 15

What is the mechanism of diuretics

Answer 15

Promote Na+ and water excretion from the kidneys by inhibiting reabsorption in the loop of Henle or distal tubule

Question 16

What is the mechanism of cardioselective beta blockers

Answer 16

Only block β1 receptors – β1 adrenoceptors stimulate Gs - ↑ cAMP, ↑PKa - ↑CICR VIA RyR2, ↑Contractility

Question 17

What is the mechanism of non-selective beta blockers

Answer 17

Block β1 & β2 receptors – β2 adrenoceptors cause vasodilation of the coronary arteries and ↑ HR

Question 18

What is the mechanism of Ca2+ Channel Antagonists

Answer 18

α1-adrenoceptors stimulate L – type Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, causing ↑ muscle contraction. ↓ Ca2+ entry ↓ TPR and MABP. Coronary vasodilation v. useful for angina and hypertension

Question 19

What is the mechanism of Alpha Blocker vasodilators

Answer 19

Block vascular α1-adrenoceptors - ↓ TPR and MABP

Question 20

What is the mechanism of Ace inhibitors

Answer 20

Block the conversion of angiotensin I – angiotensin II

Question 21

What is the mechanism of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Answer 21

AT1 receptor antagonist – competitively blocks the agonist action of angiotensin II at AT1 receptors – Venous dilatation (↓ preload) and arteriolar dilatation (↓ afterload and ↓TPR), ↓ MABP

Question 22

What are the conditions that Thiazide diuretics can be used for

Answer 22

Hypertension

Question 23

What are the conditions that Loop diuretics can be used for

Answer 23

Heart Failure

Hypertension

Question 24

What are the conditions that Cardioselective β Blockers can be used for

Answer 24

Angina
Hypertension
Heart Failure

Question 25

What are the conditions that Non-Selective β Blockers can be used for

Answer 25

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 26

What are the conditions that Ca2+ Channel Antagonists can be used for

Answer 26

Hypertension Angina Supraventricular Arrhythmias (RLCA’s)

Question 27

What are the conditions that Vasodilators can be used for

Answer 27

Hypertension

Question 28

What are the side effects of Thiazide diuretics

Answer 28

Hypokalaemia – Tiredness | Arrhythmias

Question 29

What are the side effects of Loop diuretics

Answer 29

Hyperglycaemia – Diabetes ↑ Uric Acid – Gout Impotence

Question 30

What are the side effects of beta blockers

Answer 30

``` Tiredness Cold Peripheries Can cause Heart failure in the long term Bradycardia Fatigue – CO (β1) and skeletal muscle perfusion (β2) in exercise are regulated by adrenoceptors ```

Question 31

What are the side effects of Ca2+ channel antagonists

Answer 31

Ankle oedema Hypotension Dizziness Amlopidine better as less unwanted effects on cardiac muscle

Question 32

What are the side effects of Alpha Blocker vasodilators

Answer 32

Postural Hypotension

Question 33

What are the side effects of ACE Inhibitor vasodilators

Answer 33

Dry Cough | Hypotension – esp. when patient on diuretics

Question 34

What kinds of patients shouldn't be given non-selective beta blockers

Answer 34

Patients with asthma

Question 35

What kind of patients shouldn't be given Ca2+ channel antagonists

Answer 35

Patients already on beta blockers