Anti-Hyperlipidemics Flashcards
What is cholesterol?
-Essential component of cell membranes
-Precursor to sterols and steroids
What are triglycerides?
-Storage form of fuel to support generation of high energy compounds
-Component of structural lipids
What do lipoproteins do?
Lipoproteins transport cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
What are lipoproteins made of?
-Phospholipid, free cholesterol, and protein making up the surface
-Core made of triglyceride and cholesterol ester
What do apoproteins do?
Critical in regulating transport and metabolism
What does the lipoprotein lipase system do?
Release free fatty acids from lipoproteins
What are the major classes of lipoproteins?
-Chylomicrons
-VLDL
-IDL
-LDL
-HDL
What are chylomicrons?
lipoproteins involved in the transport of dietary lipids from the gut to the liver and adipose tissue
What is VLDL?
Very low density lipoproteins are secreted by the liver into the blood as a source of triglycerides
What is IDL?
Intermediate density lipoproteins - VLDLs when they are depleted of triglyceride
What is LDL?
Low density lipoproteins are the main form of cholesterol in the body
What is HDL?
High density lipoproteins are secreted by the liver and acquire cholesterol from peripheral tissues and atheromas through reverse cholesterol transport
What are the important apolipoproteins?
-ApoA-I
-ApoB-100
-ApoB-48
-ApoE
-APoCII
What are the characteristics of ApoA-I
-Structural in HDL
-Ligand of ABCA1 receptor
-Mediates reverse cholesterol transport
-Produced in the liver and intestine
What are the characteristics of ApoB-100?
-Structural in VLDL, IDL, LDL
-LDL receptor ligand
-Produced in the liver
What are the characteristics of ApoB-48
-Structural in chylomicrons
-Produced in the intestine
What are the characteristics of ApoE?
-Ligand of LDL remnant receptor
-Reverse cholesterol transport with HDL
-Produced in the liver and other tissues
What are the characteristics of ApoCII?
-Found in chylomicrons and LDL
-Binds to lipoprotein lipase to enhance triglyceride hydrolysis
-Found typically in the capillaries where fatty acid transport happens
Where can lipoprotein lipase be found?
In capillaries of fat, cardiac and skeletal muscle
Where can hepatic lipase be found?
Produced in the liver and is key in converting IDL to LDL
Which molecule is key in making cholesterol?
Mevalonate
Which cholesterol synthesis is the major source of cholesterol
De novo synthesis
Which cholesterol synthesis is most critical to total body burden?
Liver synthesis
Which diseases are associated with hyperlipoproteinemia?
-Atherosclerosis
-Premature coronary artery disease
-Stroke