Anti-Htn

Question 1

ANTI-HTN:

short term control - 2 things + where (2.1) + rely on (1.2), stimulus (1=1)

Answer 1

• chemoreceptors: at carotid & aorta; rely on pH
• baroreceptors: at aorta; mechanoreceptor (vol & pressure)
• acid base imbalance = send signal to cardiorespiratory in medulla

Question 2

ANTI-HTN:

long term control - structures, organs (2.1.1.1.1)

Answer 2

• liver –> angiotensin (kidney) –> angiotensin II (lungs give ACE)

effects
- kidney: constrict glomerular efferent arteriole, inc Na water exchange
- pos pituitary: anti-diuretic hormone
- vascular smooth muscle: contract = htn
- adrenal cortex: aldosterone (constrictor=htn)
- hypothalamus: thirst

Question 3

ANTI-HTN: Diuretics

primary site, effect + why, adverse (2=2)

thiazide loop potassium - where, what happens, which best

Answer 3

• primary site: Na
• primary effect: dec blood vol (bye Na = bye water/fluids)
• adverse: fluid depletion, electrolyte imbalance, weakness, fatigue

thiazide
- distal convulated tubules
- bye Na K via urine

loop
- loop of henle
- bye Na K via urine

potassium sparing
- antagonize aldosterone at cortical collecting tubules
- spare K (for contraction)
- best

Question 4

ANTI-HTN: Drugs

alpha - effect, adverse (1)

presynaptic - effect (1=1), adverse (3)

Answer 4

ALPHA BLOCKER
- dilates = lower BP
- adverse: reflex tachycardia

PRESYNAPTIC ADRENERGIC INHIBITOR
- inhibits norepineprine = no Htn
- adverse: dizzy, dry mouth, drowsy

Question 5

ANTI-HTN: Sympatholytics

primary site (2), effects (3), adverse (2)

types - where, effect, if give both, not for

Answer 5

• primary site: heart, vessel
• primary effects: dec sympathetic, resistance, pooling
• adverse: bradycardia, bronchoconstriction

beta blockers
- 1: at heart, tachycardia = must block
- 2: at lungs, bronchodilation
- give both = asthma
- not for low HR

Question 6

ANTI-HTN: Drugs

ganglionic - structure, adverse (3)

centrally acting - structure, adverse (7)

Answer 6

GANGLIONIC BLOCKER
- acts on autonomic ganglia
- adverse: urine retention, GI discomfort, visual

CENTRALLY ACTING HYPERTENSIVE
- brainstem
- adverse: sedation, no concentration, depression, vertigo, lactation, dry mouth, Htn crisis

Question 7

ANTI-HTN: Drugs

vasodilator - adverse (3)

converting - adverse (4)

Answer 7

VASODILATOR
- adverse: fluid retention, reflex tachycardia, hair growth

CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR
- allergic reaction, dizzy
- GI discomfort, chest pain (not for MI)

Question 8

ANTI-HTN:

Ca K purpose

Answer 8

Ca & K = contraction/constriction (htn)

Question 9

ANTI-HTN: Drugs

drugs with OH (6)

DAGSAV

Answer 9

diuretics
alpha blocker
ganglionic blocker
sympatholytics
angiotensin receptor blocker
vasodilator

Question 10

ANTI-HTN: MI

risk - (4), sex, extra

pharma - drug 1 (2), drug 2 (2), drug 3 (1=1)

Answer 10

• risk: Htn, DM, hyperlipidemia, tobacco, male, FMHx

pharma
- aspirin: block platelet & COX
- clopidogrel: block platelet & ADP
- nitrate: into nitrate oxide = vasodilator