Respiratory Diseases

Question 1

RESPIRATORY: COPD

etiology (3) + most common

asthma - what

emphysema - sx (1), pathology (3), structure

bronchitis - sx (1), pathology (2)

Answer 1

• eti: toxic air, pollutants, smoking

asthma
- reversible bronchoconstriction

emphysema
- sx: pink puffer
- patho: alveoli; hyperinflammation, loss of elasticity, inc airspace

bronchitis
- sx: blue bloater
- patho: inflamed bronchus, mucus overproduction

Question 2

RESPIRATORY:

antitusives - purpose, dosage, meds #1 & #2 adverse effects (2.2), dual purpose drug

mucolytics - other name, purpose (2), adverse (4)

decongestants - purpose, where (2), specific drug + purpose, adverse (3)

antihistamine - adverse (1)

Answer 2

antitussives
- anti-dry cough
- less dosage than if for pain
- opioid derivatives = sleepiness, addiction (need rx)
- non-opioid derivatives: sedation (elderly), dizzy
- diphenhydramine = both non-opioid & antihistamine

mucolytics/expectorants
- mucolytics: for phlegm, expect: help cough out
- adverse: nausea, stomatitis, vomit, rhinorrhea (runny nose)

decongestants
- vasoconstrict congested vessels
- congestion = tears, nose
- ephedrine: release catecholamines
- adverse: headache, dizzy, nervous

antihistamine
- has CNS effects

Question 3

RESPIRATORY: Maintain Airway - Bronchodilators

beta adrenergic - what + target structure, condition
beta 2 adrenergic - route, effect
xanthine derivatives - purpose (1)
anticholinergic drugs - purpose (2)

stimulate beta = (2)
adverse effects (6)

Answer 3

• beta adrenergic: mixed 1 (heart) & 2 (lungs); severe asthma (epipen)
• beta 2: via inhaler/canister; least beta 1 effects
• beta = bronchodilation, inc HR
• adverse: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, blurred vision, confusion

xanthine derivatives
- direct relaxation of smooth muscles in airway

anticholinergic drugs
- relax smooth muscles, dec secretions

Question 4

RESPIRATORY: Maintain Airway - Anti-inflammatory

drug #1

cromolyn sodium - purpose (1=1), inhibit (2), (1=1)

Answer 4

corticosteroids

cromolyn sodium
- mast cell stabilizer = allergic immune response
- inhibit release of hitamine & leukotrine
- prophylaxis for immune