anti-histamine

Question 1

When is histamine released normally? (2)

Answer 1

• secretion of gastric juice

- immune response

Question 2

What are the pathologival processes in which histamine is released? (3)

Answer 2

• inflammatory reactions
• temperature changes
• immediate hypersensitivity reactions

Question 3

H1 receptor is found in … (4)

Answer 3

• smooth muscle cells of blood vessels
• bronchi
• digestive
• skin

Question 4

H2 receptor is found in …

Answer 4

parietal cells of gastric mucosa

Question 5

H3 receptor is found in …

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

H4 receptor is found in … (5)

Answer 6

• hematopoietic cells
• eosinophils
• mast cells
• bone marrow
• gastrointestinal tract

Question 7

define hypersensitivity

Answer 7

reaction to a foreign substance (allergen)

Question 8

What cells mediate the immune response in hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 8

• eosinophils (blood)
• mast cell (tissue)

*release histamine

Question 9

Which cells release histamine?

Answer 9

mast cells

eosinophils

Question 10

What are the direct effects of histamine? (3)

Answer 10

• vasodilation
• bronchoconstriction
• activation of infammatory cascasde

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action for histamine?

Answer 11

stimulates specific receptors

Question 12

H1 receptors effects? (6)

Answer 12

• smooth muscle cells of blood vessels: vasodilation + incr. permeability
• bronchi: bronchoconstriction
• digestive: spasms
• skin: pain + pruritus

Question 13

H2 receptor effects?

Answer 13

increased secretion of H+

Question 14

Mechanism of action for antihistamine H1

Answer 14

-antagonist for H1 receptors

Question 15

When do antihistamine H1 adverse reactions occur? what are the effects? (3)

Answer 15

• when it antagonizes other receptors
• sedative (CNS)
• anticholinergic (Ach)

Question 16

What pharmacologic effects do anti-histamines H1 have? (6)

Answer 16

• sedative
• hypnotic
• anti-motion sickness
• anticholingeric
• antiserotonin
• h1 antagonist

Question 17

Describe 1st generation anti-histamine H1’s (2)

Answer 17

• very potent

- cross BBB (therefore sedation)

Question 18

Describe 2nd generation anti-histamine H1’s (2)

Answer 18

• moderate effect

- do not cross BBB

Question 19

anti-histamine H1 indications (3)

Answer 19

• allergies
• anti-motion sickness
• sedatives/hypnotics

Question 20

Which antihistamine H1s are used for anti-motion sickness? (2)

Answer 20

• Dimenhydrinate (Biodramina®)

- Diphenhydramine (Soñodor®)

Question 21

Which antihistamine H1s are used as sedatives and hypnotics? (2)

Answer 21

• Diphenhydramine (Soñodor®)

- Hydroxyzine (Atarax®)

Question 22

How are anti-histamine H1s administered?

Answer 22

orally

Question 23

anti-histamine H1 first pass?

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

anti-histamine H1 metabolized in…?

Answer 24

liver

Question 25

adverse reaction of anti-histamine H1 in adults? (2)

Answer 25

• cns: sleepiness

- anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision

Question 26

adverse reaction of anti-histamine H1 in children?

Answer 26

excitation

Question 27

What is ebastine?

Answer 27

anti-histamine H1 2nd generation

Question 28

2nd generation antihistamines have no _____ effects (2)

Answer 28

anticholinergic

sedative

Question 29

the most used antihistamine H1 is ?

Answer 29

2nd generation

Question 30

The second generation antihistamines are: (8)

Answer 30

CETIRIZINE 
EBASTINE 
LORATADINE 
FEXOFENADINE 
LEVOCETIRIZINE
DESLORATADINE 
MIZOLASTINE
RUPATADINE