ANS - basics Flashcards
Adrenergic agonists (3)
- catecholamines
- sympathomimetics
- mixed sympathomimetics
Which catecholamine does not act as a beta 2 agonist?
noradrenaline
adrenaline stimulates
- alpha
- beta 1
- beta 2
ANS stands for
autonomic nervous system
What does the ANS do? (2) (very vague)
- innervates the organs
- responsible for the regulation of their functions
The ANS is divided into two subsystems
- Sympathetic nervous system.
- Parasympathetic nervous system
ANS controls _____ functions
visceral
ANS functions below the level of _______
consciousness
ANS innervates : (3)
- Vascular and visceral smooth muscle -Endo- and exocrine glands
- Parenchymal cells of various organs and systems.
SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC have _____ actions with some exceptions
opposite
Sympathetic activity increases….
in stress
situations (fight or flight)
Sympathetic activity is also known as…?
fight or flight
Parasympathetic activity is also known as…?
rest and digest
Do we have a balance of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems? why?
Yes
- to regulate physiological functioning of organs in normal conditions
The ANS has autonomic innervation of the: (3)
- Heart
- Smooth muscle
- glands of the viscera
Functions of the ANS: (7)
-Autonomic innervation of the heart, smooth muscle and glands of viscera.
- Distribution of blood flow and maintenance of tissue perfusion.
-Blood pressure regulation.
-Adjusting the volume and composition of the
extracellular medium.
-Energy consumption.
-Contribution of substrates for metabolism.
-Control of visceral and glandular smooth muscle
What is the name of the system for the sympathetic nervous system?
Adrenergic system
What is the name of the system for the parasympathetic nervous system?
cholinergic system
What is the final neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?
Noradrenalin (NA)
Whats the abbreviation for noradrenalin?
NA
What is the final neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Whats the abbreviation for acetylcholine?
Ach
What is the receptor for the sympathetic nervous system?
Adrenergic receptors
What is the receptor for the parasympathetic nervous system?
Cholinergic receptors
Name the adrenergic receptors: (5)
- a1
- a2
- b1
- b2
- b3
The a1 receptor affect which tissues? (2)
- Vascular smooth muscle (VSM)
- Bladder sphincter
The a2 receptor affect which tissues?
Pancreatic islets
The b1 receptor affects which tissues?
-heart
The b2 receptor affects which tissues?
- Vascular Smooth Muscle (coronaries, muscle)
- Bronchial smooth muscle
- Uterus muscle
The b3 receptor affects which tissues?
Fat tissue
What effects does the a1 receptor have? (2)
- Vasoconstriction (Vascular smooth muscle)
- Contraction (Bladder sphincter)
What effects does the a2 receptor have?
-decreased insulin secretion (Pancreatic islets)
What effects does the b1 receptor have? (3)
All affect the heart:
- Increased Inotropism (contractibility)
- Increased Chronotropism (frequency of beats)
- Increased Excitability
What is inotropism?
Contractibility of a muscle
What is chronotropism
Frequency of heart reate
What effects does the b2 receptor have? (3)
- Vasodilatation (vascular smooth muscle - coronaries, muscle)
- Bronchodilatation (bronchial smooth muscle)
- Uterus relaxation (uterus muscle)
What effects does the b3 receptor have?
Lipolysis (fat tissue)
What are the cholinergic receptors?
- M
- Nm
- Nn
What tissues does the M receptor affect?
effector organs
What tissues does the Nm receptor affect?
Skeleteal muscle at nueromusclar junction
What tissues does the Nn receptor affect? (2)
- autonomic ganglia
- adrenal medulla
What enzymes are in the inter-synaptic space of the adrenergic synapses? (2)
- COMT (catechol-o-methyltransferase)
- MAO (monoamineoxidase)
What enzyme is in the inter-synaptic space of the cholinergic synapses?
AcheE (Acetylcholinesterase)
The sympathetic system _____ heart rate
increases
The parasympathetic system _____ heart rate
decreases
The sympathetic system _____ cardiac contractility
increases
The parasympathetic system _____ cardiac contractility
decreases
The sympathetic system _____ cardiac excitability
increases
The parasympathetic system _____ cardiac excitability
decreases
The sympathetic system _____ blood vessels EXCEPT _____ & ______
contracts
EXCEPT muscle and coronary
The parasympathetic system _____ blood vessels
dilates
The sympathetic system _____ in the stomach/intestine/gall bladder (2)
decreases motility and secretion
The parasympathetic system _____ in the stomach/intestine/gall bladder (2)
increases motility and secretion
The sympathetic system _____ in the bronchial tube
increases secretions
The parasympathetic system _____ in the bronchial tube
He hasnt mentioned anything in his slides. I emailed him
The sympathetic system _____ bronchial muscles
relaxes (bronchodilation)
The parasympathetic system _____ bronchial muscles
contracts (bronchoconstriction)
The sympathetic system _____ urinary bladder. bladder sphincter?
- relaxes urinary bladder
- contracts sphincter
The parasympathetic system _____ urinary bladder. bladder sphincter?
- contracts urinary bladder
- relaxes sphincter
The sympathetic system _____ pupils
-dilates (Mydriasis)
What is Mydriasis
dilation of pupils
-part of sympathetic response
What is Miosis
constriction of the pupil
The parasympathetic system _____ pupils
contracts (Miosis)
The sympathetic system _____ utereus
relaxes
The parasympathetic system _____ utereus
He hasnt mentioned anything in his slides. I emailed him
The sympathetic system _____ sweat glands
increases local secretion
The parasympathetic system _____ sweat glands
highly increases generalized secretions
Where is the sympathetic center?
spinal cord
Where is the parasympathetic center?
cranial and sacral
