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Pharm > ANS - basics > Flashcards

ANS - basics Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic agonists (3)

A
  • catecholamines
  • sympathomimetics
  • mixed sympathomimetics
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2
Q

Which catecholamine does not act as a beta 2 agonist?

A

noradrenaline

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3
Q

adrenaline stimulates

A
  • alpha
  • beta 1
  • beta 2
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4
Q

ANS stands for

A

autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

What does the ANS do? (2) (very vague)

A
  • innervates the organs

- responsible for the regulation of their functions

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6
Q

The ANS is divided into two subsystems

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system.

- Parasympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

ANS controls _____ functions

A

visceral

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8
Q

ANS functions below the level of _______

A

consciousness

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9
Q

ANS innervates : (3)

A
  • Vascular and visceral smooth muscle -Endo- and exocrine glands
  • Parenchymal cells of various organs and systems.
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10
Q

SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC have _____ actions with some exceptions

A

opposite

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11
Q

Sympathetic activity increases….

A

in stress

situations (fight or flight)

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12
Q

Sympathetic activity is also known as…?

A

fight or flight

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13
Q

Parasympathetic activity is also known as…?

A

rest and digest

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14
Q

Do we have a balance of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems? why?

A

Yes

- to regulate physiological functioning of organs in normal conditions

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15
Q

The ANS has autonomic innervation of the: (3)

A
  • Heart
  • Smooth muscle
  • glands of the viscera
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16
Q

Functions of the ANS: (7)

A

-Autonomic innervation of the heart, smooth muscle and glands of viscera.
- Distribution of blood flow and maintenance of tissue perfusion.
-Blood pressure regulation.
-Adjusting the volume and composition of the
extracellular medium.
-Energy consumption.
-Contribution of substrates for metabolism.
-Control of visceral and glandular smooth muscle

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17
Q

What is the name of the system for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Adrenergic system

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18
Q

What is the name of the system for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

cholinergic system

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19
Q

What is the final neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Noradrenalin (NA)

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20
Q

Whats the abbreviation for noradrenalin?

A

NA

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21
Q

What is the final neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

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22
Q

Whats the abbreviation for acetylcholine?

A

Ach

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23
Q

What is the receptor for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Adrenergic receptors

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24
Q

What is the receptor for the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic receptors

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25
Q

Name the adrenergic receptors: (5)

A
  • a1
  • a2
  • b1
  • b2
  • b3
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26
Q

The a1 receptor affect which tissues? (2)

A
  • Vascular smooth muscle (VSM)

- Bladder sphincter

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27
Q

The a2 receptor affect which tissues?

A

Pancreatic islets

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28
Q

The b1 receptor affects which tissues?

A

-heart

29
Q

The b2 receptor affects which tissues?

A
  • Vascular Smooth Muscle (coronaries, muscle)
  • Bronchial smooth muscle
  • Uterus muscle
30
Q

The b3 receptor affects which tissues?

A

Fat tissue

31
Q

What effects does the a1 receptor have? (2)

A
  • Vasoconstriction (Vascular smooth muscle)

- Contraction (Bladder sphincter)

32
Q

What effects does the a2 receptor have?

A

-decreased insulin secretion (Pancreatic islets)

33
Q

What effects does the b1 receptor have? (3)

A

All affect the heart:

  • Increased Inotropism (contractibility)
  • Increased Chronotropism (frequency of beats)
  • Increased Excitability
34
Q

What is inotropism?

A

Contractibility of a muscle

35
Q

What is chronotropism

A

Frequency of heart reate

36
Q

What effects does the b2 receptor have? (3)

A
  • Vasodilatation (vascular smooth muscle - coronaries, muscle)
  • Bronchodilatation (bronchial smooth muscle)
  • Uterus relaxation (uterus muscle)
37
Q

What effects does the b3 receptor have?

A

Lipolysis (fat tissue)

38
Q

What are the cholinergic receptors?

A
  • M
  • Nm
  • Nn
39
Q

What tissues does the M receptor affect?

A

effector organs

40
Q

What tissues does the Nm receptor affect?

A

Skeleteal muscle at nueromusclar junction

41
Q

What tissues does the Nn receptor affect? (2)

A
  • autonomic ganglia

- adrenal medulla

42
Q

What enzymes are in the inter-synaptic space of the adrenergic synapses? (2)

A
  • COMT (catechol-o-methyltransferase)

- MAO (monoamineoxidase)

43
Q

What enzyme is in the inter-synaptic space of the cholinergic synapses?

A

AcheE (Acetylcholinesterase)

44
Q

The sympathetic system _____ heart rate

A

increases

45
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ heart rate

A

decreases

46
Q

The sympathetic system _____ cardiac contractility

A

increases

47
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ cardiac contractility

A

decreases

48
Q

The sympathetic system _____ cardiac excitability

A

increases

49
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ cardiac excitability

A

decreases

50
Q

The sympathetic system _____ blood vessels EXCEPT _____ & ______

A

contracts

EXCEPT muscle and coronary

51
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ blood vessels

A

dilates

52
Q

The sympathetic system _____ in the stomach/intestine/gall bladder (2)

A

decreases motility and secretion

53
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ in the stomach/intestine/gall bladder (2)

A

increases motility and secretion

54
Q

The sympathetic system _____ in the bronchial tube

A

increases secretions

55
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ in the bronchial tube

A

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56
Q

The sympathetic system _____ bronchial muscles

A

relaxes (bronchodilation)

57
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ bronchial muscles

A

contracts (bronchoconstriction)

58
Q

The sympathetic system _____ urinary bladder. bladder sphincter?

A
  • relaxes urinary bladder

- contracts sphincter

59
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ urinary bladder. bladder sphincter?

A
  • contracts urinary bladder

- relaxes sphincter

60
Q

The sympathetic system _____ pupils

A

-dilates (Mydriasis)

61
Q

What is Mydriasis

A

dilation of pupils

-part of sympathetic response

62
Q

What is Miosis

A

constriction of the pupil

63
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ pupils

A

contracts (Miosis)

64
Q

The sympathetic system _____ utereus

A

relaxes

65
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ utereus

A

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66
Q

The sympathetic system _____ sweat glands

A

increases local secretion

67
Q

The parasympathetic system _____ sweat glands

A

highly increases generalized secretions

68
Q

Where is the sympathetic center?

A

spinal cord

69
Q

Where is the parasympathetic center?

A

cranial and sacral

Pharm (14 decks)

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