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Medicine > Anti Fungal > Flashcards

Anti Fungal Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the common sites of superficial fungal infections happens?

A

skin and nails.

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2
Q

What are the common patient populations at risk for disseminated fungal infections?

A

Immunodeficient patients (e.g., HIV), patients on immunosuppressive therapy, and cancer patients are at increased risk.

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3
Q

What is the specific target of antifungal agents in fungi?

A

Ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane is the specific target of antifungal agents.

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4
Q

What are the types of fungal infections?

A
  1. Superficial skin infections, 2. Localized mucocutaneous infections, 3. Deep-seated or disseminated infections.
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5
Q

Name 3 systemic drugs used for systemic fungal infections.

A

Itraconazole
Flucanazole
Amphotericin B

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6
Q

Name 3 topical imidazoles for dermatophyte infections.

A

Econazole, Clotrimazole and miconazole

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7
Q

What oral drugs can be used if topical therapy fails for dermatophyte infections?

A

Oral itraconazole or terbinafine can be used if topical therapy fails.

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8
Q

What are the treatments for cutaneous Candida infections?

A

Topical miconazole, nystatin, amphotericin, clotrimazole, and econazole are treatments.

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9
Q

What are the treatments for candidiasis of the alimentary tract mucosa?

A

Miconazole, amphotericin, fluconazole, ketoconazole, or nystatin are treatments.

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10
Q

What is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, or nystatin are used as pessaries.

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11
Q

What is the role of fluconazole in preventing systemic candidiasis?

A

Fluconazole is given to heavily immunocompromised patients to prevent systemic candidiasis.

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12
Q

What is amphotericin B, and what is its mode of action?

A

Amphotericin B is a polyene macrolide that binds to ergosterol, affecting cell permeability. Allow leakage of intracelular ions & enzymes

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13
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B?

A

Amphotericin B is insoluble in water and not absorbed from the GIT; used IV for systemic infections.

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14
Q

What is the therapeutic use of amphotericin B?

A

Amphotericin B has broad-spectrum action against various fungi, including Candida and Aspergillus.

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15
Q

What are the common adverse effects of amphotericin B?

A

Adverse effects include fever, chills, muscle spasms, vomiting, headache, and renal impairment.
Reduce erythropoitin—–> anaemia
Hepatic toxicity

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16
Q

What is Nystatin used for?

A

Nystatin is used topically for local candidal infections and is not absorbed significantly.
Oropharyngeal thrush
Vaginal candidiasis

17
Q

What is the main action of azoles?

A

H202 acumilattion cause. Azoles disrupt ergosterol synthesis, causing defective cell membranes.

18
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of ketoconazole?

A

Ketoconazole is used for topical treatment of dermatophytosis and seborrheic dermatitis.

19
Q

What are the interactions of ketoconazole?

A

Ketoconazole can impair absorption with drugs lowering gastric acidity and inhibit P450 metabolism.

20
Q

What are the adverse effects of ketoconazole?

A

Adverse effects of ketoconazole include nausea, headache, liver function impairment, and gynecomastia.

21
Q

What are the uses of miconazole?

A

Miconazole is used for oral and intestinal fungal infections, and topical application for skin infections.

22
Q

What is the use of itraconazole?

A

Itraconazole is used for dimorphic fungi and prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients.

23
Q

What are the adverse effects of itraconazole?

A

Adverse effects of itraconazole include transient hepatitis and hypokalemia.

24
Q

What is fluconazole’s pharmacokinetics?

A

Fluconazole has high oral bioavailability, good CSF penetration, and is excreted unchanged by the kidney.

25
Q

What are the uses of fluconazole?

A

Fluconazole is used for oropharyngeal candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and systemic candidiasis prophylaxis.

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of terbinafine?

A

Terbinafine interferes with ergosterol biosynthesis and is absorbed from the GIT.

27
Q

What are the adverse effects of terbinafine?

A

Adverse effects include nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and cutaneous reactions.

28
Q

What do echinocandins do?

A

Echinocandins inhibit β-(1,3)-D-glucan synthesis, vital for fungal cell walls.

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of griseofulvin?

A

Griseofulvin inhibits mitosis by binding to keratin and must be administered for 4-6 weeks.

30
Q

What are the adverse effects of griseofulvin?

A

Adverse effects include GI disturbances, rashes, photosensitivity, and drug interactions with warfarin.

31
Q

What is flucytosine, and what does it interfere with?

A

Flucytosine is a pyrimidine analogue that interferes with fungal nucleic acid synthesis.

32
Q

What are the clinical uses of flucytosine?

A

Clinical uses include cryptococcal meningitis and some Candida species infections.

33
Q

What are the general management strategies for common fungal infections?

A

Skin has to kept dry and clean
Dm control
General management includes correcting predisposing factors and maintaining hygiene.

34
Q

Clotrimazole use ?

A

Not suitable for systemic use
Topical agent for dermatophyte, yeast and other fungal infections

35
Q

Fluconazole advers effects

A

GI discomfert, headache, reversible alopesia, increase liver enzimes,allefgic rash

36
Q

Uses of Terbinafine

A

Nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, headache, cutaneous reactions

37
Q

Caspofungin uses

A

Invasive candidiasis
Invasive aspergilosis who not responded to ampotericin and itraconazole

Medicine (7 decks)

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