Anti Fungal Flashcards
Where is the common sites of superficial fungal infections happens?
skin and nails.
What are the common patient populations at risk for disseminated fungal infections?
Immunodeficient patients (e.g., HIV), patients on immunosuppressive therapy, and cancer patients are at increased risk.
What is the specific target of antifungal agents in fungi?
Ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane is the specific target of antifungal agents.
What are the types of fungal infections?
- Superficial skin infections, 2. Localized mucocutaneous infections, 3. Deep-seated or disseminated infections.
Name 3 systemic drugs used for systemic fungal infections.
Itraconazole
Flucanazole
Amphotericin B
Name 3 topical imidazoles for dermatophyte infections.
Econazole, Clotrimazole and miconazole
What oral drugs can be used if topical therapy fails for dermatophyte infections?
Oral itraconazole or terbinafine can be used if topical therapy fails.
What are the treatments for cutaneous Candida infections?
Topical miconazole, nystatin, amphotericin, clotrimazole, and econazole are treatments.
What are the treatments for candidiasis of the alimentary tract mucosa?
Miconazole, amphotericin, fluconazole, ketoconazole, or nystatin are treatments.
What is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?
Clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, or nystatin are used as pessaries.
What is the role of fluconazole in preventing systemic candidiasis?
Fluconazole is given to heavily immunocompromised patients to prevent systemic candidiasis.
What is amphotericin B, and what is its mode of action?
Amphotericin B is a polyene macrolide that binds to ergosterol, affecting cell permeability. Allow leakage of intracelular ions & enzymes
What are the pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B?
Amphotericin B is insoluble in water and not absorbed from the GIT; used IV for systemic infections.
What is the therapeutic use of amphotericin B?
Amphotericin B has broad-spectrum action against various fungi, including Candida and Aspergillus.
What are the common adverse effects of amphotericin B?
Adverse effects include fever, chills, muscle spasms, vomiting, headache, and renal impairment.
Reduce erythropoitin—–> anaemia
Hepatic toxicity
What is Nystatin used for?
Nystatin is used topically for local candidal infections and is not absorbed significantly.
Oropharyngeal thrush
Vaginal candidiasis
What is the main action of azoles?
H202 acumilattion cause. Azoles disrupt ergosterol synthesis, causing defective cell membranes.
What are the therapeutic uses of ketoconazole?
Ketoconazole is used for topical treatment of dermatophytosis and seborrheic dermatitis.
What are the interactions of ketoconazole?
Ketoconazole can impair absorption with drugs lowering gastric acidity and inhibit P450 metabolism.
What are the adverse effects of ketoconazole?
Adverse effects of ketoconazole include nausea, headache, liver function impairment, and gynecomastia.
What are the uses of miconazole?
Miconazole is used for oral and intestinal fungal infections, and topical application for skin infections.
What is the use of itraconazole?
Itraconazole is used for dimorphic fungi and prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients.
What are the adverse effects of itraconazole?
Adverse effects of itraconazole include transient hepatitis and hypokalemia.
What is fluconazole’s pharmacokinetics?
Fluconazole has high oral bioavailability, good CSF penetration, and is excreted unchanged by the kidney.
What are the uses of fluconazole?
Fluconazole is used for oropharyngeal candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and systemic candidiasis prophylaxis.
What is the mechanism of action of terbinafine?
Terbinafine interferes with ergosterol biosynthesis and is absorbed from the GIT.
What are the adverse effects of terbinafine?
Adverse effects include nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and cutaneous reactions.
What do echinocandins do?
Echinocandins inhibit β-(1,3)-D-glucan synthesis, vital for fungal cell walls.
What is the mechanism of action of griseofulvin?
Griseofulvin inhibits mitosis by binding to keratin and must be administered for 4-6 weeks.
What are the adverse effects of griseofulvin?
Adverse effects include GI disturbances, rashes, photosensitivity, and drug interactions with warfarin.
What is flucytosine, and what does it interfere with?
Flucytosine is a pyrimidine analogue that interferes with fungal nucleic acid synthesis.
What are the clinical uses of flucytosine?
Clinical uses include cryptococcal meningitis and some Candida species infections.
What are the general management strategies for common fungal infections?
Skin has to kept dry and clean
Dm control
General management includes correcting predisposing factors and maintaining hygiene.
Clotrimazole use ?
Not suitable for systemic use
Topical agent for dermatophyte, yeast and other fungal infections
Fluconazole advers effects
GI discomfert, headache, reversible alopesia, increase liver enzimes,allefgic rash
Uses of Terbinafine
Nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, headache, cutaneous reactions
Caspofungin uses
Invasive candidiasis
Invasive aspergilosis who not responded to ampotericin and itraconazole
