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Anti- Cancer drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Methotrexate

  • MOA
  • what phase
  • cancers it treats
  • other uses
  • side effects
  • reversal agent
A
  • irreversibly blocks dihydrofolate reductase -> high levels of DHF
  • S phase -> can’t make thymidine -> inhibits DNA synthesis
  • leukemia, lymphoma, BCA, head and neck CA, lung CA
  • used to induce abortions, used in ectopic pregnancies, invasive molar pregnancies, and trophoblastic tumors, psoriasis, RA, immunosuppressive
  • folate deficiency -> megaloblastic anemia, myelosuppression -> pancytopenia, pulmonary fibrosis, alopecia, hepatic dx,
  • leucovorin
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2
Q

5-fluorouracil

  • MOA
  • types cancer
  • side effects
A
  • inhibits thymidylate synthase -> increase level of dUMP
  • solid tumors
  • diarrhea, photosensitivity,
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3
Q

Hydroxyurea

  • MOA
  • types of CA
  • other uses
A
  • ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor -> blocks thymidine synthesis
  • solid and hematologic
  • reduces veno-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia by increasing fetal hemoglobin
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4
Q

Azathioprine

  • active form
  • MOA
  • cell cycle
  • types CA
  • other uses
  • side effects
A
  • 6-mercaptopurine
  • blocks synthesis of IMP -> decreased purine nucleotide synthesis -> blocked DNA and RNA synthesis
  • S phase
  • hematolgic
  • SLE, RA, inflammatory bowel dx
  • pancreatitits, hepatitis
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5
Q

Mycophenolate

  • MOA
  • used for
  • side effects
A
  • inhibits IMP dehydrogenase -> decrease in GMP
  • decrease lymphocyte proliferation
  • GI distress
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6
Q

Cladrbine

  • MOA
  • cell cycle phase
  • type of CA
A
  • purine analog
  • s phase
  • hairy cell leukemia
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7
Q

Cytarabine

  • MOA
  • types of CA
A
  • cytotoxic pyrimidine analog

- hematologic

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8
Q

Gemcitabine

  • MOA
  • type of CA
A
  • cytotoxic pyrimidine analog

- hematologic and solid tumors

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9
Q

Cyclophosphamide

  • MOA
  • activation
  • types CA
  • other uses
  • side effects
  • risk of
A
  • cross links DNA
  • p450
  • hematologic and solid
  • RA, immunosuppresion
  • myselosuppression, hemmorrhagic cystitis (MESNA), SIADH, infertility
  • bladder cancer
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10
Q

Bisulfan

  • MOA
  • specific use
  • side effects
A
  • cross links
  • prior to bone marrow transplantation
  • lung tox, dark skin
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11
Q

Nitrosureas

  • suffix
  • difference
A
  • mustine

- can cross BBB -> neurotox

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12
Q

Platins

  • moa
  • types CA
  • side effects
  • help with side effects
A
  • forms cross links
  • solid
  • ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, AKI, acute tubular necrosis,
  • amiofostine -> scavenges free radicals produced by med; IV saline to prevent nephrotox
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13
Q

Bleomycin

  • MOA
  • cell cycle
  • type CA
  • tox
A
  • antitumor antibitoic -> free radical produced bind DNA and cause double stranded breaks
  • G2
  • solid and hematologic
  • pulmonary
  • alopecia, mucositis, skin rash
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14
Q

Anthracycline

  • MOA
  • suffix
  • tox
  • prevent tox
A
  • anti-tumor antibiotic -> produce free radical that cross link DNA
  • rubicin
  • cardio
  • dexrazoxane
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15
Q

Actinomycin D

  • MOA
  • types CA
  • side effects
A
  • intercalates DNA
  • pediatric malignancies
  • allopecia
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16
Q

Etoposide and teniposide

  • MOA
  • cell cycle
  • types of CA
  • side effects
A
  • Topoisomerase II inhibitors -> double stranded breaks
  • S and G2 phase
  • solid and hematologic
  • myelosuppresion, immunosuppresion, allopecia
17
Q

Topotecan and irinotecan

  • MOA
  • side effects
A
  • topoisomerase I inhibitors -> block single stranded breaks

- diarrhea

18
Q

Vincristine and vinblastine

  • MOA
  • cell cycle
  • types CA
  • side effects
A
  • inhibit microtubule production and mitotic spindle assembly
  • M phase
  • hematologic and solid
  • peripheral sensory neuropathy, constipation, alopecia, myelosuppression,
19
Q

Taxanes

  • MOA
  • side effects
A
  • enhance microtubule production and prevent degradation -> improper mitotic spindle function
  • peripheral neuropathy
20
Q

Imatnib

  • MOA
  • CA
  • side effects
A
  • inhibits tyrosine kinase domain on BCLR/ABL fusion protein and the c-kit tyrosine kinase in GI stromal tumors
  • CML, GI stromal tumors
  • ankle and peri-orbital edema
21
Q

Erlotinib

  • MOA
  • type CA
  • side effects
A
  • blocks EGFR tyrosine kinase
  • solid
  • rash, diarrhea
22
Q

Sorafenib and Sunitnib

  • MOA
  • side effects
A
  • inhibit VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase

- hyperkeratosis and skin rashes, increase risk of bleeding

23
Q

Vemururafenib

- MOA

A
  • blocks B-raf kinase in Braf + melanoma
24
Q

Rituximab

  • MOA
  • Type CA
  • Other uses
  • High risk of
A
  • binds CD20 and depletes B cells
  • CLL
  • RA
  • progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
25
Q

Cetuximab

  • MOA
  • type CA
  • side effects
A
  • binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor
  • solid
  • rash
26
Q

Bevacizumab

  • MOA
  • types CA
  • other uses
  • side effects
A
  • Binds VEGF
  • mets
  • wet macular degeneration
  • bleeding and risk for thrombotic effects
27
Q

Alemtuzumab

  • MOA
  • Type CA
A
  • binds CD52 and depletes B and T cells

- CLL

28
Q

Trastuzmumab

  • MOA
  • Type CA
  • tox
A
  • binds HER2
  • HER2+ breast CA
  • cardio tox
29
Q

Interferons

  • MOA
  • alpha treats
  • alpha side effects
  • beta treats
  • gamma treats
A
  • immunomodulatory cytokines
  • hepB/C, malignant melanoma, hairy leukemia, kaposi sarcoma, condyloma accuminata (HPV),
  • flu syndrome with fatigue, tinnitus, confusion; myelosuppression, SLE
  • MS
  • chronic granulomatous dx

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