Anti- Cancer drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Methotrexate
- MOA
- what phase
- cancers it treats
- other uses
- side effects
- reversal agent
A
- irreversibly blocks dihydrofolate reductase -> high levels of DHF
- S phase -> can’t make thymidine -> inhibits DNA synthesis
- leukemia, lymphoma, BCA, head and neck CA, lung CA
- used to induce abortions, used in ectopic pregnancies, invasive molar pregnancies, and trophoblastic tumors, psoriasis, RA, immunosuppressive
- folate deficiency -> megaloblastic anemia, myelosuppression -> pancytopenia, pulmonary fibrosis, alopecia, hepatic dx,
- leucovorin
2
Q
5-fluorouracil
- MOA
- types cancer
- side effects
A
- inhibits thymidylate synthase -> increase level of dUMP
- solid tumors
- diarrhea, photosensitivity,
3
Q
Hydroxyurea
- MOA
- types of CA
- other uses
A
- ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor -> blocks thymidine synthesis
- solid and hematologic
- reduces veno-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia by increasing fetal hemoglobin
4
Q
Azathioprine
- active form
- MOA
- cell cycle
- types CA
- other uses
- side effects
A
- 6-mercaptopurine
- blocks synthesis of IMP -> decreased purine nucleotide synthesis -> blocked DNA and RNA synthesis
- S phase
- hematolgic
- SLE, RA, inflammatory bowel dx
- pancreatitits, hepatitis
5
Q
Mycophenolate
- MOA
- used for
- side effects
A
- inhibits IMP dehydrogenase -> decrease in GMP
- decrease lymphocyte proliferation
- GI distress
6
Q
Cladrbine
- MOA
- cell cycle phase
- type of CA
A
- purine analog
- s phase
- hairy cell leukemia
7
Q
Cytarabine
- MOA
- types of CA
A
- cytotoxic pyrimidine analog
- hematologic
8
Q
Gemcitabine
- MOA
- type of CA
A
- cytotoxic pyrimidine analog
- hematologic and solid tumors
9
Q
Cyclophosphamide
- MOA
- activation
- types CA
- other uses
- side effects
- risk of
A
- cross links DNA
- p450
- hematologic and solid
- RA, immunosuppresion
- myselosuppression, hemmorrhagic cystitis (MESNA), SIADH, infertility
- bladder cancer
10
Q
Bisulfan
- MOA
- specific use
- side effects
A
- cross links
- prior to bone marrow transplantation
- lung tox, dark skin
11
Q
Nitrosureas
- suffix
- difference
A
- mustine
- can cross BBB -> neurotox
12
Q
Platins
- moa
- types CA
- side effects
- help with side effects
A
- forms cross links
- solid
- ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, AKI, acute tubular necrosis,
- amiofostine -> scavenges free radicals produced by med; IV saline to prevent nephrotox
13
Q
Bleomycin
- MOA
- cell cycle
- type CA
- tox
A
- antitumor antibitoic -> free radical produced bind DNA and cause double stranded breaks
- G2
- solid and hematologic
- pulmonary
- alopecia, mucositis, skin rash
14
Q
Anthracycline
- MOA
- suffix
- tox
- prevent tox
A
- anti-tumor antibiotic -> produce free radical that cross link DNA
- rubicin
- cardio
- dexrazoxane
15
Q
Actinomycin D
- MOA
- types CA
- side effects
A
- intercalates DNA
- pediatric malignancies
- allopecia