anti aging Flashcards
1
Q
target of anti-aging products
A
dermis
2
Q
Intrinsic
A
not affected by externa factors
3
Q
- Telomere shortening
- ↑ Cell senescence: Cell aging
- ↓ Hormones
- ↑ Mitochondrial DNA damage and ↑ Reactive oxygen
species (ROS) - Protein damage
A
process of aging: intrinsic
4
Q
- increased cell senescence
- As the cell divides, the _______ shortens until
the cell or chromosomes can no longer divide
A
telomere shortening; telomere
5
Q
- Structures made from DNA sequences and proteins
- Found at the ends of chromosomes
- Cap and protect the end of a chromosome
- Required for cell division
A
telomere
6
Q
↑ Cell senescence
A
Cell aging
7
Q
cell loses the capability to replicate and grow, then eventually die
A
cell senescence
8
Q
- The damage that we see in cells happens because of oxidative reaction
- Changes in hormonal levels that result to protein damage
A
↑ Mitochondrial DNA damage and ↑ Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
9
Q
The damage that we see in cells happens because of ___________
A
oxidative reaction
10
Q
aging is slow continuous and reversible (t or f)
A
F; irreversible
11
Q
degeneration of elastin, and loss of hydration
A
thinning of dermis
12
Q
- Growth and differentiation of skin are still there
- Epidermal and dermal junction is has ridges and
curves
> Facilitates the transfer of nutrients
from the dermis to epidermis
A
Epidermis: young skin
13
Q
- Epidermal atrophy
>Cells multiply to a lesser extent - Smoothened epidermal and dermal junction
>Harder to transfer nutrients
A
Epidermis: aged skin
14
Q
- Organized collagen and elastin fibers
- Vascular tissue present
A
Dermis: young skin
15
Q
- Dermal atrophy
>Collagen and elastin are reduced
○ Reduced vascular tissue
>Less available nutrients for multiplying cells
A
Dermis: aged skin
16
Q
Extrinsic
A
affected by external components
17
Q
One of the external factors that can lead to skin aging
A
sun
18
Q
- ↑ Protease activity and ↓ TIMP activity → direct protein damage
- Amino acids (H, Y, W, F, C) → direct protein damage
- Direct DNA damage → Formation of ROS → Indirect DNA and Protein damage
A
process of aging: extrinsic
19
Q
Acceleration of intrinsic aging due to exposure to
environmental factors
A
Primary factors: UV radiation and smoking Also pollution
20
Q
- Coarse skin with wrinkles
- Hyperpigmented areas,
- Sallowness
- Increased fragility
- Textural roughness
- Telangiectasia (Spider veins)
A
physiological changes due to extrinsic factors
21
Q
causes photoaging (extrinsic aging)
A
UVA
22
Q
cleansing and moisturizing
A
epidermis
23
Q
Naturally-sourced ingredients with multiple effects (antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, boost collagen
production and etc.)
A
botanical extracts
24
Q
- Bioactivity can vary
- Discoloration of product
- Costly
- Constituents depend on growing conditions, climate, weather, harvesting, and extraction methods
- Used in very small amounts
A
problems of botanical extracts
25
Antioxidants
coffee
26
Photoprotection
black tea
27
Calming & anti-inflammatory
chamomile
28
Skin lightening
blueberry
29
Skin tightening
witch hazel
30
Emollient
jojoba oil
31
- Stop oxidation processes
- Protect cells from damage by neutralizing free radicals
antioxidants
32
Include
- vitamins C, B3, and E;
- grapeseed extract,
- resveratrol,
- coenzyme Q10
antioxidants examples
33
- May stimulate collagen production
- Preserve hyaluronic acid levels
- Exert anti-inflammatory effects
antioxidant actions
34
Most antioxidants act as _____________
reducing agents
35
- Applied topically or as injectables
- Has anti-inflammatory, wrinkle reduction, skin firming, smoothening, moisturizing, and protective effects
Peptides and proteins
36
can trigger the production of protein
peptide sequence
- protein subunits
37
- Collagen
- Elastin
- Hydrolyzed wheat
- Soy protein
- Neuropeptides like botulinum toxin (Botox)
examples of peptides and proteins
38
Botox stimulates the release of acetylcholinesterase
(t or f)
blocks
39
- Promote desquamation
- Lipophilic molecules that can penetrate the epidermis and enter the dermis
- Improve surface roughness and age spots,
- Reduce fine lines by decreasing collagen breakdown
- Downside: Can irritate the skin & cause photosensitization
retinoids
40
- Retinyl esters
- Retinol
- Retinaldehyde
- Retinoic acid (pang drugs na; not allowed in
cosmetics)
Examples of retinoids
41
- Naturally-occurring organic carboxylic acids
Hydroxy acids
42
- Alpha-hydroxy acids / AHAs
- Beta-hydroxy acids / BHAs
- Poly-hydroxy acids / PHAs
- Bionic acids / BAs
- Aromatic hydroxy acids / AMAs
- Promote exfoliation, moisturization, anti inflammatory, and anti-oxidative
Examples of hydroxy acids
43
- Lactic acid
- Glycolic acid
- Malic acid
- Tartaric acid
- Citric acid
AHAs
44
AHA that has dual benefit: moisturizing and exfoliant
Lactic acid
45
Photosensitivity associated with the use of retinoids and AHAs is reversible (t or f)
T
46
Chemical peels
1. Superficial peels
2. Medium-depth peels
3. Deep peels
47
- superficial peels
- Surface desquamation
- Reaches the epidermis only
- Mild retinoids (retinol)
- AHAs
superficial chemical peels
48
- Damage entire epidermis and to reach the upper dermis
- Not included sa scope ng cosmetic products
medium-depth peels
49
- Wound the mid-dermis
- Protein coagulation and complete peeling of
epidermis with restructuring of basal layer and restoration of dermis
Deep peels
50
Lipophilic components penetrate the epidermis
and dermis better (t or f)
T
51
- Liposomes
- Niosomes
- Solid nanoparticles and nanostructures lipid carriers
Delivery systems
52
- incorporate active ingredients into the
vesicle for enhanced penetration of the actives (penetration of the actives)
- Microscopic spherical vesicles with lipid bilayer structure
- May be incorporated with hydrophilic and hydrophobic actives (Polar and NonPolar)
- Act as moisturizer - because of phospholipid
- May shorten formulation shelf-life
- Permeation is greater with liposomal encapsulation
- Eliminates irritation and optimizes dosage
- Greater concentration and residence time in the
epidermis and dermis for prolonged release
- Protects encapsulated material from metabolic
degradation
- Reduces systemic absorption
liposomes
53
- Spherical vesicles made of bilayer nonionic surfactants
- Accommodates active ingredients with wide range of solubility
- No moisturizing effect (no phospholipids)
- Have better oxidative stability than liposomes
niosomes
54
- Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)
- Matrix consists of one solid lipid
1st generation
55
- Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)
- Provides more space to host the drug molecule
- Matrix consists of a blend of solid & lipid liquid
2nd generation
56
- Provides light coverage, UV protection, hydration, and anti-aging benefits
- Lighter than foundation but heavier than tinted
moisturizer
BEAUTY BALM OR BLEMISH BALM (BB)
57
- Address skin discoloration, dullness, or sallowness
- Contain light-diffusing particles and antioxidants
- Offer SPF protection
COLOR CORRECTING (CC)
58
- Combines benefits from BB and CC creams with primary focus on anti-aging
- Help target appearance of wrinkles
DAILY DEFENSE OR DYNAMIC DO-ALL (DD)
