Anthony Crossland 1918-77 Flashcards
Books
The future of socialism 1956, the conservative enemy 1962, Socialism now 1974
What did crossland contest had gone far enough?
Public or common ownership, arguing public ownership had never been the aim of socialism merely a method of achieving it
What did crossland think the true objective of socialism was?
Equality, which can now be achieved within a managed capitalist economy
Who had captures and been changed forever as a result of?
John Maynard Keynes, whose belief in state managed capitalism became orthodox in Western Europe after 1945
What did crossland argue SoC ‘s could now enjoy as a result of Keynesian principles?
Advanced societies could now enjoy permanent economic growth and full employment without requiring any serious extension of public ownership, enjoying a steady expansion of the welfare state and diminishing inequality
What did crossland argue owing to economic change?
SoC was less “binary”, less polarised between employers and employees and “infinitely more complex” than Marx could have ever imagined. In particular there were new classes such as” managers and techno crafts”
What did socialism now require?
A mixed economy, this mixed economy would mainly comprise private enterprise and private ownership alongside key services and a small number of industries owned by the state. For Crosland this had largely been achieved by the 1945-51 labour government.
The conservative enemy 1962 and socialism now 1974, what did Crossland focus on
Other issues mainly education. He argued a new form of education known as comprehensive education which would end segregation pupils at age 11 and create new schools for all abilities. He believed this would breakdown class divisions far more effectively than extensive public ownership
When did Crossland pursue his ideas around education?
When acting as Secretary of State for education between 1965 and 1967 initiating the process that made comprehensive education the norm