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Anatomy > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

Inferior- inferior border of mandible
Anterior- anterior border of SCM
midline of neck
Roof- deep investing fascia around muscles

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2
Q

Name the muscles found in the anterior neck

A

Mylohyoid
Diagastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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3
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Diagastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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4
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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5
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and action of the Mylohyoid

A

Origin- Mylohyoid line
Insertion- body of hyoid and fibres of opposite Mylohyoid
Action- elevates hyoid & floor of mouth
Nerves- CN V3 inferior alveolar branch known as nerve to Mylohyoid

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6
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and action of the Diagastric

A

Anterior belly origin- Diagastric fossa on lower medial aspect of mandible
Posterior belly O- mastoid notch
Insertion- both insert at intermediate tendon
Actions: Ant- raises hyoid and open mouth by lowering mandible. Post- elevates and retracts hyoid bone

Nerves: Ant- nerve to Mylohyoid
Post- Diagastric branch of CN VII

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7
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and action of the Sternohyoid

A

O- posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint & manubrium
I- into body of hyoid medially
Action- depresses hyoid after swallowing
Nerve- anterior rami of C1-C3

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8
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and action of the Omohyoid

A

2 Bellies inferior and superior

INF:

O- superior body of scapula
I- intermediate tendon in posterior triangle

POST:

O- intermediate tendon
I- Body of hyoid laterally

Actions- both depresses and fixes hyoid

Nerves- anterior rami of C1-C3

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9
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and action of the Thyrohyoid

A

O- oblique line on thyroid cartilage
I- into greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid
Action- depresses the hyoid and can raise layrnx when hyoid fixed
Nerves- anterior rami of C1 but fibres run with CN XII (hypoglossal)

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10
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and action of the Sternohyoid

A

O- posterior surface of manubrium
I- Oblique line on thyroid cartilage
Action- draws layrnx down
Nerves- Anterior rami C1-3

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11
Q

Where is the thyroid located

A

Within the visceral compartment of the neck from the thyroid cartilage to the 5th tracheal ring, may sometimes contain an isthmus

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12
Q

What is the arterial supply of the thyroid and where from

A

Superior and inferior TH artery

Superior TH from the ECA and the Inf. from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

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13
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid and where to

A

Superior, middle and inferior TH vein

Sup. and Mid. into the EJV and the inf. into the brachiocephalic

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14
Q

Location of carotid sheath

A

Lateral boundary of retropharyngeal space at level of orophayrnx deep to the SCM

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15
Q

Whats inside the carotid sheath

A

Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artey
Internal jugular vein
CN X the vagus nerve

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16
Q

What is the location and function of the carotid sinus and its innervation

A

An enlargement at the bifurcation of the CCA found at the level of the TH cartilage

It monitirs Blood pressure and helps to keep BP within homeostatic values

Innervated by CN IX(via the carotid sinus nerve) and CNX

17
Q

What is the location and function of the carotid body and its innervation

A

Small organ that houses chemoreceptors located at bifurcation of the CCA

Important in monitoring blood O2 CO and pH

Innervated by CN IX(via the carotid sinus nerve) and CNX

18
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery

A

1 Superior Thyroid
2 Ascending pharyngeal
3 Lingual
4 Facial
5 Occipital
6 Posterior Auricular
7 Maxillary
8 Superficial temporal

19
Q

Origin course and distribution of the ECA

A

O- CCA
travels up neck terminating at the parotid gland where it dividies into superficial temporal and maxillary artery

20
Q

Origin course and distribution of the superior thyroid artery

A

first branch of ECA descends from anterior surface of the ECA along thyrohyoid towards apex of TH gland

Has 5 branches:
Infrahyoid (I)
Superior laryngeal (Shall)
SCM (Squeeze)
Circothyroid (Charlies)
Glander (Glutes)

21
Q

Origin course and distribution of the ascending pharyngeal

A

Arises from medial surface of ECA near bifurcation
ascends vertically between ICA and phayrnx until it meets with facial artery

22
Q

Origin course and distribution of the lingual artery

A

Arises anterior surface of ECA at C3 vertebrae
Has 4 branches

23
Q

Origin course and distribution of the facial artery

A

Branches from ECA just above the lingual artery within carotid triangle
Travels deep to the diagastric and stylohyoid

24
Q

Origin course and distribution of the Occipital artery

A

From the ECA level of posterior belly of diagastric
terminates at the scalp giving off svereal branches
goes into post. triangle

25
Q

Origin course and distribution of the posterior auricular

A

posterior aspect of ECA above digatric and stylohyoid
terminates at scalp posterior to auricle
has 5 divisions

26
Q

Maxillary artery

A

From ECA deep to neck of mandible initially in parotid gland and terminates at the pterygopalatine fossa
has 3 main divisions

27
Q

Origin course and distribution of the superficial temporal artery

A

arrises from parotid gland
terminates by dividing into terminal frontal and parietal branches

28
Q

Origin course and drainage of the Internal jugular vein

A

Continuation of the sigmoid sinus and it exits skull via the jugular foramen and ebters carotid sheath

Many drain in:

Inf. petrosal sinua
pharyngeal
occipital
facial
lingual
Superior and middle TH

crosses under omohyoid

29
Q

Origin course and drainage external jugular

A

O- angle of mandible joining retromandibular and posterior auricular veins
Crosses over SCM piercing the investing fasscia and drains into subclavian

drainage:

Posterior EJ
transverse cervical
suprascapular
Anterior J

30
Q

Origin course and drainage anterior jugular

A

O- near hyoid bone
runs down either side of midline in front of sternohyoid
forms jugular venous arch
Drains into subclavain

31
Q

course and distribution of glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

A

Exits jugular foramen and travels down between I(JV and ICA

travel towards oral cavity but some branch down to carotid sinus phayrnx

32
Q

course and distribution of vagus nerve CN X

A

Exits jugular foramen and goes down carotid sheath

Auricular branch within the foramen, pharyngeal branch, superior layrngeal branch, recurrent layrngeal nerve (left passes over anerior surface of aortic branch, right loops under brachieocephalic artery), cardiac branches and carotid body branch

33
Q

course and distribution of Accessory branch CN XI

A

Exits jugular foramen and travels between IJV and ICA and then crosses lateral surface of IJV to descend to post. triangle and innervate SCM and trapezius

34
Q

course and distribution of hypoglossal nereve CN XII

A

Exits hypoglossal canal and is between IJV and ICA and turns near hyoid bone

Anatomy (4 decks)

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