Anterior Leg And Dorsum Of Foot

Question 1

Femoral nerve innervates

Answer 1

Iliacus
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius 
Pectineus
Also anterior femoral cutaneous 
Saphenous nerve largest cutaneous branch of femoral
Infrapatella and medial crural

Question 2

Anterior and transverse intermuscular septum

Answer 2

Anterior divides leg into anterior and lateral comps

Transverse divides posterior comp into superficial and deep comps

Question 3

Anterior compartment of leg

Answer 3

Deep fibular/peroneal nerve
Anterior tibial artery
Compartment is rigid, not much room for swelling/fluid

Question 4

Acute anterior compartment syndrome

Answer 4

Swelling and bruising, may lose pulses in foot, may have sensory loss and extreme pain especially with passive stretching
Lots of bleeding into the compartments and there’s no room for this fluid to expand, becomes an acute medical emergency, has 4 hours to get this treated before you might lose your leg
Fasciotomy drains the fluid, preserves neuro vascular function

Question 5

Exercise induced compartment syndrome

Answer 5

Runners get throbbing pain and pins and needles, pressure is building from running, as soon as they stop the pain subsides in 15-20 mins
Hard to diagnose, not a medical emergency

Question 6

Retinaculum of ankle

Answer 6

Extensor retinaculum: anterior
Flexor retinaculum: medial
Peroneal retinaculum: lateral

Question 7

Extensor digitorum/hallucis brevis

Answer 7

Origin: anterior/lateral aspect of calcaneus
Insertion: tendons of EHL/EDL
Innervated by deep fibula/peroneal nerve
Extends toes

Question 8

Tibialis anterior

Answer 8

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, inferior superior lateral aspect of tibia
Insertion: first metatarsal and then medial aspect of the medial cuneiform
Dorsi flexion and inversion

Question 9

Foot slap

Answer 9

Eccentric tibialis anterior weakness
Need to eccentrically control plantar flexion during gait after heel touches ground
Considered a stands phase gait deviation

Question 10

Foot drop

Answer 10

No dorsi flexion at all
Walk with high steppage gait
Causes: nerve damage to feel fibula nerve (from fracture maybe); compartment syndrome; concentric dorsi flexion weakness; L4 nerve root compression (myotome for dorsi flexion)
Called swing phase gait deviation

Question 11

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 11

Origin: anterior three quarters of fibula and interosseous membrane, and lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Extends toes, can help with dorsi flexion

Question 12

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 12

Origin: anterior aspect of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of digit 1
Extends big toe, can help with dorsi flexion

Question 13

Peroneus/fibularis tertius

Answer 13

Origin: lateral aspect of the distal 1/3 of the fibula and interosseous menbrane
Insertion: tuberosity if 5th metatarsal
Dorsi flexion and eversion

Question 14

Common fibula nerve

Answer 14

Branch of sciatic nerve. Wraps around fibular head and splits into deep fibula nerve and superficial fibula nerve

Question 15

Deep fibula nerve

Answer 15

Innervates muscle of anterior comp (TA EDL EHL PT EDB/EHB

Gives sensation to thong space between 1st and 2nd toes

Question 16

Superficial fibular nerve

Answer 16

Innervates lateral comp

Gives sensation to the dorsum of the foot

Question 17

Arteries of the thigh

Answer 17

External iliac artery passes under inguinal ligament and becomes femoral artery, femoral artery enters hiatus adductor magus and becomes popliteal artery, popliteal artery splits into anterior and posterior tibial artery, anterior tibial artery runs down anterior aspect of leg and becomes dorsalis pedis artery

Question 18

Dorsalis pedis

Answer 18

Gives off branches to the tarsals
Goes to hallux
Goes between 1st and 2nd metatarsals forming deep plantar artery
Gives off arcuate branch which is completed by branch of peroneal artery