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CRRAB 2 Week 1 > Anterior Abdominal Wall Lab > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Varicocele

A

“Bag of worms” when the veins don’t have enough valves- pampiniform plexus. Almost always on the L. Can decrease fertility.

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2
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid in the tunica vaginalis. It may result from infection of the testis or epididymis, trauma, tumor or it may be idiopathic.

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3
Q

What landmark indicates the inferior border of the posterior leaflet of the rectus sheath?

A

Arcuate line

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4
Q

Which of the following structures passes through the deep inguinal ring?

A

Round ligament of the uterus

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5
Q

Layers- external to internal

A

Skin–camper’s fascia—scarpa’s fascia— investing deep fascia (superficial, intermediate and deep)—EO, IO and TA in between each of the deep fascias

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6
Q

3 pairs of flat muscles

A

EO, IO and TA

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7
Q

Linea Alba

A

where the 3 flat muscles intersect

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8
Q

Semilunar line

A

Midclavicular line

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9
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Rectus sheath is made up of the aponeuroses of the three flat abdominal muscles

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10
Q

Traversus abdominus MOA

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

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11
Q

External and internal oblique do…

A

compress viscera, flex and rotate trunk

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12
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Rectus abdominis runs from the pubic crest to the xiphoid process and nearby ribs 5-7. Flexes the trunk and compresses abdominal viscera

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13
Q

Arcuate line

A

The arcuate line is the inferior border of the posterior leaflet of the rectus sheath. importance is that above it- EO and IO aponeuroses only. Below has all 3 aponeuroses

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14
Q

Spigelian hernia

A

hernia of the semilunar line or arcuate line– common in obese individuals

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15
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

common in newborns b/c the anterior abd wall is weak in the umbilical ring
they’re small

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16
Q

Epigastric hernia

A

through the linea alba in the epigastric region – also associated with obesity

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17
Q

Inguinal canal

A

passage through the abd wall just above the inguinal l. it is formed by the processus vaginalis and testes during development. The inguinal canal is a passageway traversed by the testicles and their associated ducts and vessels to “descend” into the scrotum.

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18
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Condensation of connective tissue that is attached to inferior pole of testes (ovary) and to scrotum (labia majora).

19
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

Most common in male kids
Exits the abdominal cavity LATERAL to the inferior epigastric vessels in deep inguinal ring
Follows the route taken by the testes when they ‘descended’.

20
Q

Direct inguinal hernia mechanism

A

Are acquired. The neck of the hernia exits the abdomen MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels.

21
Q

Inguinal triangle “Hesselbach’s” mechanism

A

a weak area in the abdominal wall, bounded by the inguinal ligament inferiorly, the lateral border of rectus abdominis medially and the inferior epigastric vessels laterally. In this area only the transversalis fascia and peritoneum support the abdominal viscera.

22
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

Lines the entire abdominopelvic cavity- separated from the peritoneum by a layer of fat

23
Q

Median umbilical fold

A

covers the median umbilical ligament- remnant of the urachus (b/w the bladder and umbilicus)

24
Q

Medial umbilical folds

A

covers the medial umbilical ligaments which are the obliterated umbilical arteries

25
Q

Lateral umbilical folds

A

cover the inferior epigastric vessels

26
Q

Intercostal nerves arise from…

A

T7-T11

27
Q

Subcostal nerves arise from…

A

T12 ventral ramus under rib 12

28
Q

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves are…

A

branches of L1

29
Q

Abdominal nerves supply..

A

Motor to the muscles of the anterior wall

Cutaneous fibers from the anterolateral abd wall

30
Q

Superior epigastric artery

A

is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic a.
descends behind the RA within the rectus sheath
anastomoses with inferior epigastric a

31
Q

Inferior epigastric a

A

branch of external iliac a just above the inguinal l

Ascends behind the rectus muscle within the sheath

32
Q

Acquired umbilical hernia

A

Occurs mostly in obese individuals and women or as a result of trauma or surgical incisions
- fat or peritoneum protrudes into the hernia sac

33
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

lower border of the EO apo

b/w ASIS and pubic tubercle

34
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve in the female is found in the…

A

inguinal canal and the female complement of the gubernaculum= round ligament of the uterus which terminates in the labia majora

35
Q

Contents of the inguinal canal in males..

A
  1. spermatic cord

2. ilioinguinal nerve from L1

36
Q

Openings of the inguinal canal (2)

A
  1. Deep: normal defect in fascia transversalis

2. Superficial: triangular opening in the apo of EO

37
Q

Boundaries of the inguinal canal

A
  1. Anterior: apo of EO and lateral of IO
  2. Posterior: fascia transv laterally and conjoint tendon medially
  3. Floor: rolled under the edge of the EO apo and lateral crus
  4. Roof: conjoint tendon
38
Q

Spermatic cord contains…

A
  1. Ductus deferens
  2. testicular artery- aortic branch at L2
  3. testicular vein- forms pampiniform plexus
  4. lymph vessels
  5. genital branch of GF nerve- motor to cremasteric
    some tunica vag
39
Q

Cord coverings

A
  1. fascia transversalis to internal spermatic fascia
  2. IO to creamster muscle and fascia
  3. EO to external spermatic fascia
40
Q

Scrotal layers superficial to deep

A
  1. skin

2. dartos muscle

41
Q

Testis layers

A
  1. tunica vaginalis (deep)
  2. tunica albuginea
  3. lobules contain the seminiferous tubules
  4. rete testis
  5. epididymis- connects to vas deferens
42
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

abnormal protrusion of an organ

classified as direct or indirect

43
Q

Two types of indirect inguinal hernias

A
  1. congenital- bowel herniates into a patent processus vaginalis
  2. acquired- bowel herniates through deep inguinal ring
44
Q

Femoral hernias

A

femoral canal provides the route
Females because of wider pelvis’
ALWAYS found LATERAL to the pubic tubercle whereas inguinal hernias are found medial to the PT

CRRAB 2 Week 1 (8 decks)

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