Anterior Abdominal Wall Lab Flashcards
Varicocele
“Bag of worms” when the veins don’t have enough valves- pampiniform plexus. Almost always on the L. Can decrease fertility.
Hydrocele
Fluid in the tunica vaginalis. It may result from infection of the testis or epididymis, trauma, tumor or it may be idiopathic.
What landmark indicates the inferior border of the posterior leaflet of the rectus sheath?
Arcuate line
Which of the following structures passes through the deep inguinal ring?
Round ligament of the uterus
Layers- external to internal
Skin–camper’s fascia—scarpa’s fascia— investing deep fascia (superficial, intermediate and deep)—EO, IO and TA in between each of the deep fascias
3 pairs of flat muscles
EO, IO and TA
Linea Alba
where the 3 flat muscles intersect
Semilunar line
Midclavicular line
Rectus sheath
Rectus sheath is made up of the aponeuroses of the three flat abdominal muscles
Traversus abdominus MOA
Compresses and supports abdominal viscera
External and internal oblique do…
compress viscera, flex and rotate trunk
Rectus abdominus
Rectus abdominis runs from the pubic crest to the xiphoid process and nearby ribs 5-7. Flexes the trunk and compresses abdominal viscera
Arcuate line
The arcuate line is the inferior border of the posterior leaflet of the rectus sheath. importance is that above it- EO and IO aponeuroses only. Below has all 3 aponeuroses
Spigelian hernia
hernia of the semilunar line or arcuate line– common in obese individuals
Umbilical hernia
common in newborns b/c the anterior abd wall is weak in the umbilical ring
they’re small
Epigastric hernia
through the linea alba in the epigastric region – also associated with obesity
Inguinal canal
passage through the abd wall just above the inguinal l. it is formed by the processus vaginalis and testes during development. The inguinal canal is a passageway traversed by the testicles and their associated ducts and vessels to “descend” into the scrotum.
Gubernaculum
Condensation of connective tissue that is attached to inferior pole of testes (ovary) and to scrotum (labia majora).
Indirect inguinal hernia
Most common in male kids
Exits the abdominal cavity LATERAL to the inferior epigastric vessels in deep inguinal ring
Follows the route taken by the testes when they ‘descended’.
Direct inguinal hernia mechanism
Are acquired. The neck of the hernia exits the abdomen MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels.
Inguinal triangle “Hesselbach’s” mechanism
a weak area in the abdominal wall, bounded by the inguinal ligament inferiorly, the lateral border of rectus abdominis medially and the inferior epigastric vessels laterally. In this area only the transversalis fascia and peritoneum support the abdominal viscera.
Transversalis fascia
Lines the entire abdominopelvic cavity- separated from the peritoneum by a layer of fat
Median umbilical fold
covers the median umbilical ligament- remnant of the urachus (b/w the bladder and umbilicus)
Medial umbilical folds
covers the medial umbilical ligaments which are the obliterated umbilical arteries
