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c2 > anterior abdominal wall and inguinal region > Flashcards

anterior abdominal wall and inguinal region Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers of muscles that make up the lateral abdominal wall?

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

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2
Q

what is the most superficial layer of the abdominal wall?

A

external oblique

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3
Q

where do the muscle fibres of the abdominal wall muscles end?

A

end at the MCL to become the linea alba

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4
Q

where does the rectus abdominis run?

A

from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

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5
Q

what splits up the rectus abdominis?

A

tendinous intersections

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6
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus abdominis muscle is enclosed by an aponeurotic sheath, which is derived from the aponeuroses of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis.

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7
Q

describe the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

innermost - transversalis fascia
transversalis abdominis
internal oblique - aponeurosis splits in half so half runs behind the rectus abdomonis and half runs in front
external oblique

all insert onto the linea alba

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8
Q

describe the rectus sheath below the arcuate line

A

All aponeurotic layers of the muscles run anterior to RA

Only the fascia that runs behind

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9
Q

where do the posterior intercostals branch off from?

A

descending aorta

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10
Q

where do the anterior intercostals branch off from?

A

internal thoracic artery either side of the sternum

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11
Q

what does the internal thoracic artery become?

A

superior epigastric artery

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12
Q

what does the superior epigastric artery supply?

A

superior portion of the rectus abdominis

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13
Q

what does the inferior epigastric artery branch off from?

A

external iliac artery

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14
Q

what is the final intercostal nerve?

A

T11

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15
Q

what level is the subcostal nerve?

A

T12

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16
Q

what is the subcostal nerve motor and sensory to?

A

Motor and sensory to abdominal wall not to the thoracic wall.

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17
Q

what are the 2 branches of L1?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve

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18
Q

what is L1 motor and sensory to?

A

Motor to abdominal wall and sensory to the lowest part of the abdomen and mainly the inguinal wall.

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19
Q

what makes the inguinal ligament?

A

The inferior border of external oblique’s aponeurosis rolls under itself to create the inguinal ligament

20
Q

what passes through the inguinal canal?

A

allows passage for spermatic cord in males and round ligament of the uterus for women

21
Q

what structures run in the spermatic cord?

A 
Testicular artery
Ductus/Vas deferens
Pampiniform venous plexus
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve (runs with cord)
22
Q

what layers surround the spermatic cord (in order of innermost to outermost)?

A

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
External spermatic fascia

23
Q

what is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

The superficial inguinal ring is the point at which the spermatic cord emerges from the abdominal wall.

24
Q

what is the deep inguinal ring?

A

The deep inguinal ring is the point at which the contents of the spermatic cord enter the abdominal wall.

25
Q

at what age have the testes descended to the scrotum?

A

9 months

26
Q

where do the testes develop?

A

posterior abdominal wall

27
Q

what is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

A

tunica vaginalis

28
Q

what is the cremaster muscle derived from?

A

internal oblique muscle

29
Q

what nerve innervates the cremaster muscle?

A

genitofemoral nerve

30
Q

what is the cremasteric reflex?

A

if you stroke the internal aspect of the male thigh, scrotum should go up a bit

31
Q

are the branches of the genitofemoral nerve and what do they innervate?

A

femoral branch which goes to skin of the internal aspect of the thigh (purely sensory) and the genital branch which is purely motor (linked to the cremaster muscle)

32
Q

what is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

A

the external oblique muscle

33
Q

what is the processus vaginalis?

A

an in-folding of the peritoneum

34
Q

what is a hernia?

A

is a protrusion of peritoneum and viscera such as small intestine through a opening or weakness

35
Q

what is the risk with hernias?

A

have the risk to have their blood supply cut off

if the blood supply is cut off at the abdominal wall, it becomes a medical and surgical emergency

36
Q

which hernias are acquired and which are congenital?

A

direct - acquired

indirect - congenital

37
Q

who commonly gets direct hernias?

A

males over 40 years

38
Q

are direct or indirect hernias more common?

A

indirect

39
Q

where do direct hernias occur?

A

passes directly through abdominal wall (Hasselbach’s triangle)
rarely enters scrotum
medial to inferior epigastric vessels

40
Q

where do indirect hernias occur?

A

transverses canal with processus vaginalis
commonly enters scrotum
lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

41
Q

what are the borders of Hasselbach’s triangle?

A

inferior epigastric vessels
inguinal ligaments
lateral border of rectus abdominis

42
Q

when and why do incisional hernias occur?

A

occur following a surgery to the abdomen bc the scar creates a weakness in the abdominal wall

43
Q

where do inguinal hernias occur?

A

above and medial to the pubic tubercle

44
Q

who do umbilical hernias commonly occur in?

A

babies, when the rectus abdominis is not fully joined in the midline

45
Q

who is femoral hernias most common in?

A

females

46
Q

where do femoral hernias occur?

A

Herniation into the femoral canal (beneath the inguinal ligament so below and lateral to pubic tubercle)

c2 (37 decks)

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