Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region Anatomy Flashcards
Superficial layer of facia over abdomen
Camper’s fascia
Layer of fascia directly below Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia is continuous with
dartos layer in scrotum
fat is replaced with sm. muscle
Conjoint tendon made up of
interal oblique
transverse abdominus
Conjoint tendon inserts into
pectineal ligament
Rectus sheath is made up of tendons of
aponeurotic portions of oblique muscles
Layer superficial to parietal peritoneum
transversalis fascia
Layers over the abdominal cavity
deep → superficial
parietal peritoneum → transversalis fascia → Scarpa’s → Camper’s → transversalis fascia → internal oblique → external oblique
Arcuate defines
lower border of posterior layer of the rectus sheath
CT differences above and below the arcuate line
above: internal oblique and transverse abdominus tendons run deep to rectus
below: tendons from all abdominal muscles run superficial to rectus
*this makes the area below the abdomen weaker
Superior epigastric artery arises from…
internal thoracic artery
Inferior epigastric artery arises from…
external iliac artery
(just above inguinal ligament)
Main blood supply in the anterior abdominal wall
superior epigastric artery
inferior epigastric artery
*form anastomoses
Umbilical hernias
etiology in newborns
incomplete closure of anterior abdominal wall
increased intrabdominal pressure after cutting umbilical cord
Epigastric heria
where does it go through?
linea alba
Spigelian hernia
location
semilunar lines
(tendenous intersections of rectus abdominus)
Incisional hernia
protusion of omentum or an organ through a surgical incision
Inguinal ligament is made up of
lower border of external oblique aponeurosis
Inguinal ligament extends between
anterior superior iliac spine
pubic tubercle
Processus vaginalis
protrusion of peritoneum through abdomen
forms inguinal canal
How do the testes “descend”
differential growth of undifferentiated gonads
Gonads: peritoneal or retroperitoneal
retroperitoneal
Gubernaculum testes
band of CT attaching to inferior pole of gonad and to labioscrotal fold
Cremasteric muscle
extension of
internal oblique
External spermatic fascia
extension of
external oblique
Contents of spermatic cord
spermatic cord (male)
round ligament of uterus (female)
ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
Contents of spermatic cord
van deferens
testicular artery
testicular vein
lymph vessels
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Dartos muscle is extension of
Scarpa’s fascia
Covering of testes
tunica vaginalis
covers anterior and lateral sides, remnant of processus vaginalis
Indirect inguinal hernia
deep inguinal ring defect
patent processus vaginalis
lateral to inferior epigastic artery
Indirect hernia
where does the bowel go?
follows route of testicular descent
bowel can get into scrotum
Direct inguinal hernia
pathology
defect though posterior abdominal wall of inguinal canal
*fascia transversalis laterally, conjoint tendon medially
What are the borders of the inguinal canal?
anterior: aponeurosis of external oblique
posterior: transversalis fascia (lateral), conjoint tendon (medial)
floor: rolled under endge of external oblique aponeurosis
roof: arching lowest fibers of conjoint tendon
Borders of Hesselbach’s/inguinal triangle
lateral: inferior epigastric artery
medial: rectus abdominus
inferiorly: inguinal ligament
Femoral hernias are more common in women/men
women
Femoral hernias are the most common cause of…
incarcerated bowel
Varicocele
dilation of pampiniform plexus of veins
Hydrocele
excess fluid made by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
Hydrocele
association
indirect inguinal hernia
