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GI-Midterm > Anterior Abdominal Wall And Inguinal-1/4/16 > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall And Inguinal-1/4/16 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the TRANSTUBERCULAR PLANE

A
  • Tubercles of iliac crests

- Body of LV5

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2
Q

Identify the TRANSUMBILICAL PLANE

A
  • LV3-4

- Similar to supracrestal plane

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3
Q

Identify the SUBCOSTAL PLANE

A
  • 10th costal cartilages

- Superior border LV3

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4
Q

Identify the TRANSPYLORIC PLANE

A
  • T12-LV1
  • Halfway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis
  • Goes through pyloric part of stomach which is “fixed”
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5
Q

Identify the MIDCLAVICULAR PLANE

A
  • Midpoint of clavicle

- Midinguinal point

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6
Q

Identify the MIDSAGITTAL PLANE

A
  • Linea Alba

- Passes through umbilicus

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7
Q

List contents of the RUQ

A 
Gallbladder
duodenum 
Right pleura
Liver (right lobe)
Right kidney
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8
Q

List contents of LUQ

A 
Spleen
Stomach
Left pleura
Pancreas tail
Left kidney
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9
Q

List contents of RLQ

A

Right ureter
Cecum
Iliad diverticulitis
Vermiform appendix

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10
Q

List contents of LLQ

A

Left ureter

Descending and sigmoid colon

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11
Q

List the regions of the upper abdomen

A

R and L hypochondriac

Epi gastric

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12
Q

List the regions of the mid-abdomen

A

R and L lumbar (lateral)

Umbilical

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13
Q

List the regions of the lower abdomen

A 
R and L inguinal (iliac)
Hypo gastric (pubic)
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14
Q

List the anterior abdominal wall muscles

A

Rectus abdominis and sometimes pyramidalis

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15
Q

List the anterolateral abdominal muscles

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversospinalis abdominis

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16
Q

List the Posterior abdominal muscles

A

Iliacus
Psoas major and minor
QUADRATUS lumborum

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17
Q

The _____ ligament is an “extension” of the inguinal l. And is important in FEMORAL HERNIAS

A

Lacunar

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18
Q

The cremaster muscle is from which abdominal muscle layer?

A

Internal oblique

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19
Q

What are the functions of the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

A

1) Flex trunk (anteriorly)
2) Laterally flex trunk
3) Rotate the trunk
4) assist in respiration
5) important in valsalva maneuver
6) also act during coughing, sneezing, urination, defecation, vomiting, and parturition

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20
Q

List the fascial layers of the anterior abdominal wall from superficial to deep

A

Skin–> fatty layer (camper’s) –> Membranous layer (scarpas) –> Superficial investing fascia –> external oblique m. –> intm. Investing fascia –> internal oblique m. –> deep investing fascia –> transversus abdominis –> transversalis fascia –> extraperitoneal fat –> parietal peritoneum

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21
Q

This layer is continuous with the superficial fatty layers in the thorax, thigh, and perineum`

A

Camper’s fascia

22
Q

This layer is continuous with the fascia lata in the thigh and with the deep perineal fascia; it is also continuous over the penis and scrotum

A

Scarpa’s fascia (membranous)

23
Q

This layer of fascia is what holds sutures together

A

Deep (investing) fascia of the abdominal muscles

24
Q

Fluid can possibly leak into this potential space

A

Between the membranous layer (Scarpa’s) of superficial fascia and the deep fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle

25
Q

The _____ is formed by the fusion of the abdominal muscles and their associated fascias; It also encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis mm.

A

Rectus sheath

26
Q

The layers of fascia and aponeuroses of the muscles forming the rectus sheath are arranged differently in the upper abdominal wall than they are in the lower wall and the ____ is where this arrangement changes

A

Arcuate line

27
Q

List the arrangement of layers ABOVE THE ARCUATE LINE (slide 47)

A

skin–> fatty layer of superficial fascia (camper’s) –> membranous layer of superficial fascia (Scarpa’s) –> Aponeurosis of ext. abdominal oblique fascia (2 layers) –> 1 layer of internal abdominal oblique Aponeurosis –> Rectus abdominis muscle –> 1 layer of internal abdominal oblique Aponeurosis –> Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis (2 layers)–> transversalis fascia –> extraperitoneal tissue –> parietal peritoneum

28
Q

List the arrangement of layers BELOW THE ARCUATE LINE (slide 48)

A

Skin–> fatty layer of superficial fascia (camper’s) –> membranous layer of superficial fascia (Scarpa’s) –> Aponeurosis of ext. abdominal oblique (2 layers) –> Aponeurosis of int. Abdominal oblique (2 layers) –> Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis (2 layers) –> rectus abdominis muscle –> transversalis fascia –> extraperitoneal tissue –> parietal peritoneum

29
Q

Where does deep venous drainage occur in the abdomen?

A

within the abdominal wall muscles along with arteries

30
Q

Where does superficial drainage occur in the abdomen?

A

Within Camper’s fascia

31
Q

Sensory dermatome for Xiphoid region is ___

A

T7

32
Q

Sensory dermatome for umbilical region is ___

A

T10

33
Q

Sensory dermatome for inguinal fold region is ___

A

L1

34
Q

List the spinal cord contributions for:
A) Iliohypogastric n.
B) Ilioinguinal n.
C) Genitofemoral n.

A

A) Iliohypogastric n=L1 (sometimes T12)
B) Ilioinguinal n=L1
C) Genitofemoral n.=L1 and L2

35
Q

This anterior abdominal wall nerve exits the posterior abdominal wall between QUADRATUS lumborum and psoas muscles, enters the anterolateral abdominal wall and runs between muscles, exits to become cutaneous

A

Iliohypogastric n. (L1, maybe T12) ; gives off a lateral cutaneous branch and anterior cutaneous branch (supplies suprapubic region)

36
Q

This anterior abdominal wall nerve exits the posterior abdominal wall between QUADRATUS lumborum and psoas muscles, enters the anterolateral abdominal wall between muscles, and enters the inguinal canal and emerges through the superficial inguinal ring; it also supplies the groin, thigh & scrotum/labium majus

A

Ilioinguinal n. (L1)

37
Q

This anterior abdominal wall nerve exits the posterior abdominal wall through psoas m. And runs between the peritoneum and the psoas m.

A

Genitofemoral n. (L1 and L2)

Genital branch –> enters inguinal canal through deep inguinal ring and exits through superficial inguinal ring; innervates Cremaster m. Or is cutaneous to labium majus

Femoral branch(es)–> exits inferior to inguinal ligament, cutaneous to femoral triangle area

38
Q

This type of anterior abdominal wall hernia is usually small and wider transversely and usually heals spontaneously

A

Umbilical hernia in INFANT

39
Q

This type of anterior abdominal wall hernia results from weakened abdominal wall around the umbilicus, usually superior to umbilical scar and requires surgical repair

A

Umbilical hernia in ADULTS

More common in WOMEN

40
Q

This type of anterior abdominal wall hernia does not involve the umbilicus, protrudes through the lines alba, is usually superior to the umbilicus, and repaired surgically if large or symptomatic

A

Epigastric hernia (hernia of the linea alba)

More common in MEN

41
Q

Describe where the inguinal canal begins and ends

A

Begins=deep inguinal ring (about midpoint of inguinal l.)

Ends=Superficial inguinal ring

42
Q

During the descent of the testes, the testes are attached to the ____ which is attached inferiorly to the labial-scrotal fold. It guides the migration.

A

Gubernaculum

43
Q

This pouch of peritoneum develops and pushes into labial-scrotal swelling as the testes reach the deep inguinal ring

A

Processus vaginalis

44
Q

Descent of the testes process:

When the processus vaginalis (normally) closes off and becomes an isolated pocket of peritoneum, this structure arises:

A

Tunica vaginalis

45
Q

Match the layers of the scrotum and coverings of testis to the corresponding layers of anterior abdominal wall (SLIDE 88):
A) SubQ tissue (fatty/membranous)
B) External oblique muscle and fascia
C) Internal oblique muscle
D) Fascia of both superficial and deep surfaces of internal oblique m.
e) Transversalis fascia
F) Peritoneum

A 
A) SubQ tissue (Darto's fascia) and Darto's muscle
B) External spermatic fascia
C) Cremaster muscle
D) Cremasteric fascia
E) Internal spermatic fascia
F) Tunical vaginalis
46
Q

In the female, the gubernaculum forms:

A

The round ligaments of the ovary (ovarian ligaments) and the round ligaments of the uterus

47
Q

In a ____ hernia, herniating bowel passes LATERAL to inferior epigastric vessels to enter deep inguinal ring

These are more common in young MALE CHILDREN

A

Indirect (congenital)

Most inguinal hernias are INDIRECT

48
Q

In a ____ hernia, herniating bowel passes MEDIAL to inferior epigastric vessels, pushing through peritoneum and transversalis fascia in inguinal triangle to enter inguinal canal

These are more common in older MALES

A

Direct (acquired)

49
Q

____ carry sperm from testes to head of epididymis

____ is connective tissue capsule of the testis

____ is a space of visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis

A

Efferent ductules

Tunica albuginea

Sinus epididymis

50
Q

____ hernias exit the abdomen through the femoral canal, inferior to the inguinal ligament and are more common in WOMEN

A

Femoral

GI-Midterm (11 decks)

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