Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Which bones make up the pelvis?
- X2 pelvic bones
- X1 sacrum
- X1 coccyx
What is another name for the pelvic bone?
- coxal bone
- hip bone
What are the X3 parts of the pelvic bone?
1) ilium
2) ischium
3) pubis
What is the socket joint which is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium and publis bones of the pelvic bone?
The acetabulum.
What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament?
It runs from the ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) to the ipsilateral pubic tubercle.
What is the inguinal ligament formed from?
An infolding of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
What are aponeuroses?
Flat, white layer of fibrous tissue (tendon like) that aids muscle attachment.
Which joints join the sacrum to the coxal bones?
The sacroiliac joints.
What is the name of the anterior join of the 2 pelvic bones?
The pubic symphysis.
What is the name of the superior area of the ilium where it opens and flattens out?
What is the name of the depression in the bone found on the medial side of the ilium bone?
The wing of the ilium.
The Iliac fossa.
What are the X2 imaginary vertical lines which help split the abdomen into its X9 subdivisions?
The mid-clavicular or mid-inguinal lines.
What are the X2 imaginary horizontal lines which help split the abdomen into its X9 subdivisions?
The trans-pyloric plane
= the line which travels along the plane at which the pyloric sphincter of the stomach sits. This can be judged to be a hands width below the sternum.
The trans-tubercular plane
= the line which travels between the two ILIAC tubercles (not tubercles) - these are found above the ASIS and on the outside of the iliac wing.
Name the X9 subdivisions of the stomach from top right to bottom left.
1) Right hyperchondriac
2) Epigastric
3) Left hyperchondriac
4) Right lumbar
5) Umbilicus
6) Left lumbar
7) Right iliac/inguinal
8) Hypogastric/suprapubic
9) Left iliac/inguinal
What is the name of the pair of anterior abdominal wall muscles which run vertically?
Rectus abdominis
What are the X3 layers of muscle which (along with rectus abdominis) make up the anterior abdominal wall?
Which is most superficial and which is deepest?
1) External oblique (most superficial)
2) Internal oblique
3) Transversus abdominis (deepest)
Which X2 muscles make up the posterior abdominal wall?
1) Quadratus lumborum
2) Psoas major
What are the layers of tissue superficial to the anterior abdominal wall muscles?
1) skin
2) campers fascia (fatty layer)
3) scarpers fascia (thin, membranous layer)
What exists deep to the anterior abdominal wall muscles?
Deep fascia.
This sits deep to the anterior abdominal wall muscles but superficial to the parietal peritoneum. The fascia is named differently depending on its location (e.g. transversalis fascia = the deep fascia which sits behind transversus abdominis).
What are the X2 types of peritoneum?
What is the difference?
Parietal peritoneum
= lines the abdominal-pelvic cavity and is adjacent to the abdominal wall muscles
Visceral peritoneum
= a continuation of the parietal peritoneum which leaves the POSTERIOR abdominal wall to line some of the abdominal organs.
What is the name of the sections of peritoneum which connect the visceral and parietal peritoneum?
The mesentary,.
What is the importance of the peritoneal organs and the mesentary?
They are mobile due to these structures. Retroperitoneal organs are immobile.
In which tissue layer do superficial veins lie?
What pathways do these take to drain?
Campers fascia (although tiny and hard to see).
They arise from the paraumbilical region and can either drain superiorly to the axilla (lateral thoracic veins) or inferiorly to the inguinal region (femoral veins).
What is the lymphatic drainage of the superficial anterior abdominal wall?
Above the plane of the umbilicus = into axillary nodes
Below the plane of the umbilicus = into inguinal nodes
In which direction do the external oblique muscle fibres run?
Forwards and downwards (hands in pockets).
