Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
The abdomen is divided topographically into how many regions?
9
What are the vertical planes of the abdomen that extend inferiorly from the midpoints of the clavicles to the midpoints of lines joining the ASIS to the pubic symphysis?
Midclavicular Planes
What is the horizontal plane of the abdomen that joins the lowest point of the costal margin on each side?
Subcostal Plane
Where does the subcostal plane lie?
L.V. 3 level
What is the horizontal plane of the abdomen that joins the tubercles of the iliac crests?
Transtubercular Plane
Where does the transtubercular plane lie?
L.V. 5 level
What are the nine regions of the abdomen?
Right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium, right flank, umbilical, left flank, right groin, pubic, left groin
Which regions of the abdomen are covered by costal cartilages?
Right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium
In which region of the abdomen does the liver lie?
Mostly in the right hypochondrium and epigastric regions
In which region of the abdomen do the spleen and the body and fundus of the stomach lie?
Left hypochondrium
What two planes divide the abdomen into four quadrants?
Median plane and transumbilical plane
Which plane dividing the abdomen into quadrants is vertical through the midline?
Median plane
Which plane dividing the abdomen into quadrants is horizontal through the umbilicus?
Transumbilical plane
In which quadrant of the abdomen is pain from appendicitis felt?
Right lower quadrant
In which quadrant of the abdomen is pain from a gallbladder attack felt?
Right upper quadrant
Between which vertebrae does the umbilicus typically lie as a variable landmark?
L.V. 2 and L.V. 5
What are the 13 layers of the anterior abdominal wall in order?
Skin, superficial layer of superficial fascia (camper’s fascia), deep layer of superficial fascia (scarpa’s fascia), deep (investing) fascia, external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum, abdominal organs
What is the epinym for the superficial layer of the superficial fascia?
Camper’s fascia
What is the epinym for the deep layer of the superficial fascia?
Scarpa’s fascia
What type of layer is the superficial layer of the superficial fascia?
Thin fatty layer
What type of layer is the deep layer of the superficial fascia?
Membranous
Where is the superficial layer of the superficial fascia located?
Continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum and thigh
Where is the deep layer of the superficial fascia located?
Firmly fastened to the fascia lata of the thigh just below the inguinal ligament
Which layer of the superficial fascia does not continue?
Deep layer
What is the cause of extravasation of urine?
Trauma
Which gender is more like to have extravasation of the urine?
Males
Why are males more likely to have extravasation of the urine?
The urethra is longer, more superficial, and more horizontally orientated than females
Where is the potential space where fluid can accumulate in extravasation of urine?
Between the Scarpa’s fascia and the deep fascia of the abdomen
Why can’t the urine spread inferiorly with extravasation of urine?
Due to the firm attachment of Scarpa’s fascia to the fascia lata
Where can urine spread to during extravasation of the urine?
Superiorly in the anterior abdominal wall within the potential space
What do anterior abdominal wall muscle insert into via their aponeuroses?
Linea alba
What is the largest and longest raphe in the body?
Linea alba
The linea alba extends from which two structures?
Xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
What is the origin of the external oblique muscle?
Lower 8 ribs
What is the insertion of the external oblique muscle?
Iliac crest, ASIS, pubic tubercle, and linea alba by aponeurosis
What is the nerve supply to the external oblique muscle?
Anterior primary rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves
What is the function of the external oblique muscle?
Compresses the abdomen, supports abdominal viscera, lateral flexor of trunk
How do the fibers of the external oblique muscle run?
Downward and forward
The external oblique muscle is a continuation of which other muscle?
External intercostal muscle